Hướng dẫn digitalocean install php
IntroductionA “LAMP” stack is a group of open-source software that is typically installed together to enable a server to host dynamic websites and web apps. This term is actually an acronym which represents the Linux operating system, with the Apache web server. The site data is stored in a MySQL database, and dynamic content is processed by PHP. Show
In this guide, we’ll install a LAMP stack on an Ubuntu 18.04 server. PrerequisitesIn order to complete this tutorial, you’ll need to have an Ubuntu 18.04 server with a non-root Step 1 — Installing Apache and Updating the FirewallThe Apache web server is a popular open source web server that can be used along with PHP to host dynamic websites. It’s well-documented and has been in wide use for much of the history of the web. First, make sure your
If this is your first time using Once the cache has been updated, you can install Apache with:
After entering this command, Adjust the Firewall to Allow Web TrafficNext, assuming that you have followed the initial server setup instructions and enabled the UFW firewall, make sure that your firewall allows HTTP and HTTPS traffic. You can check that UFW has an application profile for Apache like so:
If you look at the
To allow incoming HTTP and HTTPS traffic for this server, run:
You can do a spot check right away to verify that everything went as planned by visiting your server’s public IP address in your web browser (see the note under the next heading to find out what your public IP address is if you do not have this information already):
You will see the default Ubuntu 18.04 Apache web page, which is there for informational and testing purposes. It should look something like this: If you see this page, then your web server is now correctly installed and accessible through your firewall. How To Find your Server’s Public IP AddressIf you do not know what your server’s public IP address is, there are a number of ways you can find it. Usually, this is the address you use to connect to your server through SSH. There are a few different ways to do this from the command line. First, you could use the
This will give you two or three lines back. They are all correct addresses, but your computer may only be able to use one of them, so feel free to try each one. An alternative method is to use the
Regardless of the method you use to get your IP address, type it into your web browser’s address bar to view the default Apache page. Step 2 — Installing MySQLNow that you have your web server up and running, it is time to install MySQL. MySQL is a database management system. Basically, it will organize and provide access to databases where your site can store information. Again, use
Note: In this case, you do not have to run This command, too, will show you a list of the packages that will be installed, along with the amount of disk space they’ll take up. Enter When the installation is complete, run a simple security script that comes pre-installed with MySQL which will remove some dangerous defaults and lock down access to your database system. Start the interactive script by running:
This will ask if you want to configure the Note: Enabling this feature is something of a judgment call. If enabled, passwords which don’t match the specified criteria will be rejected by MySQL with an error. This will cause issues if you use a weak password in conjunction with software which automatically configures MySQL user credentials, such as the Ubuntu packages for phpMyAdmin. It is safe to leave validation disabled, but you should always use strong, unique passwords for database credentials. Answer
If you answer “yes”, you’ll be asked to select a level of password validation. Keep in mind that if you enter
Regardless of
whether you chose to set up the If you’ve enabled password validation, you’ll be shown the password strength for the root password you just entered and your server will ask if you want to change that password. If you are happy with your current password, enter
For the rest of the questions, press When you’re finished, test if you’re able to log in to the MySQL console by typing:
This will connect to the MySQL server as the administrative database user root, which is inferred by the use of
To exit the MySQL console, type:
Notice that you
didn’t need to provide a password to connect as the root user, even though you have defined one when running the For increased security, it’s best to have dedicated user accounts with less expansive privileges set up for every database, especially if you plan on having multiple databases hosted on your server. Please refer to our guide on How To Create a New User and Grant Permissions on MySQL for detailed instructions on how to create MySQL users and configure database access rights. Your MySQL server is now installed and secured. Next, we’ll install PHP, the final component in the LAMP stack. Step 3 — Installing PHPPHP is the component of your setup that will process code to display dynamic content. It can run scripts, connect to your MySQL databases to get information, and hand the processed content over to your web server so that it can display the results to your visitors. Once again, leverage the
This should install PHP without any problems. We’ll test this in a moment. Changing Apache’s Directory Index (Optional)In some cases, you’ll want to modify the way that Apache serves files when a directory is requested. Currently, if a user requests a
directory from the server, Apache will first look for a file called To make this change, open the
It will look like this: /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/dir.conf
Move the PHP index file (highlighted above) to the first position after the /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/dir.conf
When you are finished, save and close the file by pressing After this, restart the Apache web server in order for your changes to be recognized. You can do that with the following command:
You can also
check on the status of the
Press Installing PHP Extensions (Optional)To extend the functionality of PHP, you have the option to install some additional modules. To see the available options for PHP modules and libraries, pipe the results of
Use the
arrow keys to scroll up and down, and press The results are all optional components that you can install. It will give you a short description for each:
To learn more about what each module does, you could search the internet for more information about them. Alternatively, look at the long description of the package by typing:
There will be a lot of output, with one field called For example, to find out what the
Along with a large amount of other information, you’ll find something that looks like this:
If, after researching, you decide you would like to install a package, you can do so by using the If you decided that
If you want to
install more than one module, you can do that by listing each one, separated by a space, following the
At this point, your LAMP stack is installed and configured. Before you do anything else, we recommend that you set up an Apache virtual host where you can store your server’s configuration details. Step 4 — Setting Up a Virtual Host (Recommended)When using the Apache web server, you can use virtual hosts (similar to server blocks in Nginx) to encapsulate configuration details and host more than one domain from a single server. We will set up a domain called your_domain, but you should replace this with your own domain name. To learn more about setting up a domain name with DigitalOcean, see our Introduction to DigitalOcean DNS. Apache on Ubuntu 18.04 has one server block enabled by default that is configured to serve documents from the Create the directory for your_domain as follows:
Next, assign ownership of the directory with the
The permissions of your web root directory should be correct if you haven’t modified its umask value, but you can make sure by typing:
Next, create a sample
Inside, add the following sample HTML: /var/www/your_domain/index.html
Save and close the file when you are finished. In order for Apache to serve this content, it’s necessary to create a virtual host file with the correct directives. Instead of modifying the default configuration file located at
Paste in the following configuration block, which is similar to the default, but updated for our new directory and domain name: /etc/apache2/sites-available/your_domain.conf
Notice that we’ve updated the Save and close the file when you are finished. Let’s enable the file with the
Disable
the default site defined in
Next, let’s test for configuration errors:
You should see the following output:
Restart Apache to implement your changes:
Apache should now be serving your domain name. You can test this by navigating to With that, your virtual host is fully set up. Before making any more changes or deploying an application, though, it would be helpful to proactively test out your PHP configuration in case there are any issues that should be addressed. Step 5 — Testing PHP Processing on your Web ServerIn order to test that your system is properly configured for PHP, create a PHP script called Create the file at the web root you created in the previous step by running:
This will open a blank file. Add the following text, which is valid PHP code, inside the file: /var/www/your_domain/info.php
When you are finished, save and close the file. Now you can test whether your web server is able to correctly display content generated by this PHP script. To try this out, visit this page in your web browser. You’ll need your server’s public IP address or domain name again. The address you will want to visit is:
The page that you come to should look something like this: This page provides some basic information about your server from the perspective of PHP. It is useful for debugging and to ensure that your settings are being applied correctly. If you can see this page in your browser, then your PHP is working as expected. You probably want to remove this file after this test because it could actually give information about your server to unauthorized users. To do this, run the following command:
You can always recreate this page if you need to access the information again later. ConclusionNow that you have a LAMP stack installed, you have many choices for what to do next. You’ve installed a platform that will allow you to install most kinds of websites and web software on your server. As an immediate next step, you should ensure that connections to your web server are secured, by serving them via HTTPS. Follow our guide on how to secure Apache with Let’s Encrypt to secure your site with a free TLS/SSL certificate. Some other popular options are:
|