Hướng dẫn php logical operator precedence

Anonymous ¶

18 years ago

of course this should be clear, but i think it has to be mentioned espacially:

AND is not the same like &&

for example:

&& $b || $c; ?>
is not the same like
AND $b || $c; ?>

the first thing is
(a and b) or c

the second
a and (b or c)

'cause || has got a higher priority than and, but less than &&

of course, using always [ && and || ] or [ AND and OR ] would be okay, but than you should at least respect the following:

= $b && $c; ?>
= $b AND $c; ?>

the first code will set $a to the result of the comparison $b with $c, both have to be true, while the second code line will set $a like $b and THAN - after that - compare the success of this with the value of $c

maybe usefull for some tricky coding and helpfull to prevent bugs :D

greetz, Warhog

anisgazig at gmail dot com ¶

1 year ago

Operator are used to perform operation.

Operator are mainly divided by three groups.
1.Uniary Operators that takes one values
2.Binary Operators that takes two values
3.ternary operators that takes three values

Operator are mainly divided by three groups that are totally seventeen types.
1.Arithmetic Operator
+ = Addition
- = Subtraction
* = Multiplication
/ = Division
% = Modulo
** = Exponentiation

2.Assignment Operator
     = "equal to

3.Array Operator
    + = Union
    == = Equality
    === = Identity
    != = Inequality
    <> = Inequality
    !== =    Non-identity

4.Bitwise Operator
& = and
^ = xor
| = not
<< = shift left
>> = shift right

5.Comparison Operator
==  = equal
=== = identical
!=  = not equal
!== = not identical
<>  = not equal
< = less than
<= less than or equal
> = greater than
>= = greater than or equal
<=> = spaceship operator

6.Execution Operator
`` = backticks

7.Error Control Operator
    @ = at sign

8.Incrementing/Decrementing Operator
    ++$a = PreIncrement
    $a++ = PostIncrement
    --$a = PreDecrement
    $a-- = Postdecrement

9.Logical Operator
    && = And
    || = Or
    ! = Not
    and = And
    xor = Xor
    or = Or

10.string Operator
    . =  concatenation operator
    .= concatenating assignment operator

11.Type Operator
    instanceof = instanceof

12.Ternary or Conditional operator
   ?: = Ternary operator

13.Null Coalescing Operator
    ??" = null coalescing

14.Clone new Operator
    clone new = clone new

15.yield from Operator

    yield from = yield from

16.yield Operator
    yield = yield

17.print Operator
    print = print

yasuo_ohgaki at hotmail dot com ¶

21 years ago

Other Language books' operator precedence section usually include "(" and ")" - with exception of a Perl book that I have. (In PHP "{" and "}" should also be considered also). However, PHP Manual is not listed "(" and ")" in precedence list. It looks like "(" and ")" has higher precedence as it should be.

Note: If you write following code, you would need "()" to get expected value.

$bar = true;
$str = "TEST". ($bar ? 'true' : 'false') ."TEST";
?>

Without "(" and ")" you will get only "true" in $str.
(PHP4.0.4pl1/Apache DSO/Linux, PHP4.0.5RC1/Apache DSO/W2K Server)
It's due to precedence, probably.

phpnet dot 20 dot dpnsubs at xoxy dot net ¶

14 years ago

Note that in php the ternary operator ?: has a left associativity unlike in C and C++ where it has right associativity.

You cannot write code like this (as you may have accustomed to in C/C++):

$a = 2;
echo (
    $a == 1 ? 'one' :
    $a == 2 ? 'two' :
    $a == 3 ? 'three' :
    $a == 4 ? 'four' : 'other');
echo "\n";
// prints 'four'
?>

You need to add brackets to get the results you want:

$a = 2;

echo (

ivijan dot stefan at gmail dot com ¶

3 years ago

If you use "AND" and "OR", you'll eventually get tripped up by something like this:

$this_one = true;
$that = false;
$truthiness = $this_one and $that;
?>

Want to guess what $truthiness equals?

If you said "false"  ...it's wrong!

"$truthiness" above has the value "true". Why?  "=" has a higher precedence than "and". The addition of parentheses to show the implicit order makes this clearer:

($truthiness = $this_one) and $that;
?>

If you used "&&" instead of and in the first code example, it would work as expected and be "false".

This also works to get the correct value, as parentheses have higher precedence than "=":

$truthiness = ($this_one and $that);
?>

anisgazig at gmail dot com ¶

1 year ago

A variable is a container that contain different types of data and the operator operates a variable correctly.

me at robrosenbaum dot com ¶

15 years ago

The scope resolution operator ::, which is missing from the list above, has higher precedence than [], and lower precedence than 'new'. This means that self::$array[$var] works as expected.

rick at nomorespam dot fourfront dot ltd dot uk ¶

17 years ago

A quick note to any C developers out there, assignment expressions are not interpreted as you may expect - take the following code ;-

$a=array(1,2,3);
$b=array(4,5,6);
$c=1;$a[$c++]=$b[$c++];print_r( $a ) ;
?>

This will output;-
Array ( [0] => 1 [1] => 6 [2] => 3 )
as if the code said;-
$a[1]=$b[2];

Under a C compiler the result is;-
Array ( [0] => 1 [1] => 5 [2] => 3 )
as if the code said;-
$a[1]=$b[1];

It would appear that in php the increment in the left side of the assignment is processed prior to processing the right side of the assignment, whereas in C, neither increment occurs until after the assignment.