In how many ways can 4 pizza toppings be chosen from 12 available toppings

The following are the total amount donated by top contributors to each state ballot measure that is pending Secretary of State verification or are still circulating for signatures. These lists reflect contributions as reported by Primarily Formed Committees.

Prop #Circulating TitleTop Aggregated
Contributions1Constitutional Right to Reproductive Freedom. Legislative Constitutional Amendment. Support - $14,764,06326Allows In-Person Roulette, Dice Games, Sports Wagering on Tribal Lands. Initiative Constitutional Amendment and Statute

Support - $128,853,797*

Oppose - $44,439,801

27Allows Online and Mobile Sports Wagering Outside Tribal Lands. Initiative Constitutional Amendment and Statute.

Support - $169,111,799

Oppose: $245,811,236*

28Provides Additional Funding for Arts and Music Education in Public Schools. Initiative Statute.Support - $10,714,83029Requires On-Site Licensed Medical Professional at Kidney Dialysis Clinics and Establishes Other State Requirements. Initiative Statute.Oppose - $86,357,62930Provides Funding for Programs to Reduce Air Pollution and Prevent Wildfires by Increasing Tax on Personal Income Over $2 Million. Initiative Statute.

Support - $50,262,671

Oppose - $16,421,416

31Referendum On 2020 Law That Would Prohibit the Retail Sale of Certain Flavored Tobacco Products.Support - $47,529,179
Oppose - $23,255,396

Total from top contributors: $708,668,020

OfficeCandidate Aggregated
ContributionsControllerMalia CohenSupport - $1,486,202*ControllerLanhee ChenOppose - $1,486,202*Superintendent of Public InstructionTony ThurmondSupport - $2,775,000Senate District 10Aisha WahabSupport - $1,034,084Assembly District 35Jasmeet BainsSupport - $1,482,301*Assembly District 35Leticia PerezOppose - $1,482,301*

Total from top contributors: $6,777,587

The main challenge in designing big software systems is that they have to be flexible and uncomplicated to change. For this reason, there are some metrics like coupling and cohesion. To achieve systems that can be easily altered or extended in its functionality without the need to redesign the whole system from scratch, you can follow the design principles (like SOLID, etc.). After a while some developer recognized that if they follow those principles there are some similar solutions that worked well to similar problems. Those standard solutions turned out to be the design patterns.

So the design patterns are to support you to follow the general design principles in order to achieve loosely coupled systems with high cohesion.

Answering the question:

By asking the difference between two patterns you have to ask yourself what pattern makes your system in which way more flexible. Each pattern has its own purpose to organize dependencies between classes in your system.

The Abstract Factory Pattern: GoF: “Provide an interface for creating families of related or dependent objects without specifying their concrete classes.”

What does this mean: By providing an interface like this the call to the constructor of each of the family’s product is encapsulated in the factory class. And because this is the only place in your whole system where those constructors are called you can alter your system by implementing a new factory class. If you exchange the representation of the factory through another, you can exchange a whole set of products without touching the majority of your code.

The Builder Pattern: GoF: “Separate the construction of a complex object from its representation so that the same construction process can create different representations.”

What does this mean: You encapsulate the process of construction in another class, called the director (GoF). This director contains the algorithm of creating new instances of the product (e.g. compose a complex product out of other parts). To create the integral parts of the whole product the director uses a builder. By exchanging the builder in the director you can use the same algorithm to create the product, but change the representations of single parts (and so the representation of the product). To extend or modify your system in the representation of the product, all you need to do is to implement a new builder class.

So in short: The Abstract Factory Pattern’s purpose is to exchange a set of products which are made to be used together. The Builder Pattern’s purpose is to encapsulate the abstract algorithm of creating a product to reuse it for different representations of the product.

In my opinion you can’t say that the Abstract Factory Pattern is the big brother of the Builder Pattern. YES, they are both creational patterns, but the main intent of the patterns is entirely different.

Shop with the new PayPal Cashback Mastercard® to earn unlimited 3% cash back3 on PayPal purchases and unlimited 2% on all other eligible purchases. No restrictions, rotating categories, or annual fee.4

How many possibilities can you have if you pick 5 pizza toppings out of 12?

Therefore, we can choose this in 792 ways.

How many different pizzas can be made with 12 toppings?

If toppings can be repeated and order is important, number of ways (permutations) = 12^3 = 1,728.

How many ways can 3 pizza toppings be chosen from 10 available toppings?

Solution. ( 10 3 ) = 120 pizzas. We must choose (in no particular order) 3 out of the 10 toppings.

How many different ways can a pizza be made with 4 toppings?

Finally, if you want to put all four toppings on a pizza, then there is only one way to do that. So, if you can have ANY number of toppings on the pizza, then the total number of combinations possible is 4+6+4+1 = 15. There are 15 different pizza topping combinations you can make with just four toppings!