Python get variable inside function

Question

Global Variables

Variables that are created outside of a function (as in all of the examples above) are known as global variables.

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Global Variables
The global Keyword
Using the return statement to get variable from function in Python
Using attributes to get variable from function in Python
How do you access a variable inside a function in Python?
Can you call a variable inside a function?
How do you get a variable value from another function in Python?
How do you use variables in nested functions in Python?

Global variables can be used by everyone, both inside of functions and outside.

Example

Create a variable outside of a function, and use it inside the function

x = "awesome"

def myfunc():
print("Python is " + x)

myfunc()

Try it Yourself »

If you create a variable with the same name inside a function, this variable will be local, and can only be used inside the function. The global variable with the same name will remain as it was, global and with the original value.

Example

Create a variable inside a function, with the same name as the global variable

x = "awesome"

def myfunc():
x = "fantastic"
print("Python is " + x)

myfunc()

print("Python is " + x)

Try it Yourself »

The global Keyword

Normally, when you create a variable inside a function, that variable is local, and can only be used inside that function.

To create a global variable inside a function, you can use the global keyword.

Example

If you use the global keyword, the variable belongs to the global scope:

def myfunc():
global x
x = "fantastic"

myfunc()

print("Python is " + x)

Try it Yourself »

Also, use the global keyword if you want to change a global variable inside a function.

Example

To change the value of a global variable inside a function, refer to the variable by using the global keyword:

x = "awesome"

def myfunc():
global x
x = "fantastic"

myfunc()

print("Python is " + x)

Try it Yourself »

If you want to avoid global, one possible approach is to define a class. Each class instance has its own attributes; there is also a class attribute space where instances can share an attribute between them.

Object-oriented programming can be challenging to get into if you are new to Python, but this might actually be a good time to start playing with it.

class Thing:
    shared = "foo"

    def __init__(self):
        """
        This gets called when you create a new Thing()
        """
        self.bar = "baz"  # default value for new instances

    def get_bar(self):
        return self.bar

    def set_bar(self, value):
        self.bar = value

Now, let's create two instances.

first = Thing()
second = Thing()

The get_bar and set_bar methods are not strictly necessary in simple examples like this one. You can also do

second.bar = "ick"
print(second.bar)
# "ick"
print(first.bar)
# "baz"

(though for more complex scenarios, you probably want to require users to call the setter and getter methods; there are ways to force this - see e.g. What's the pythonic way to use getters and setters?)

If you change a class attribute via one instance, it will not be changed in the other instances, either.

second.shared = "poo"
print(first.shared)
# "foo"

But if you change it in the class itself, it will be changed in all the instances which have not separately overridden the shared value.

Thing.shared = "zoom"
print(first.shared)
# "zoom"
print(second.shared)
# "poo", still

To recap, you create a new Thing instance by calling Thing(); this will run the __init__ method before returning the new instance. Inside the class, the instance is the first argument to every (non-static, non-class) method, and conventionally called self (though you could get away with calling it shirley if you wanted to, as far as the Python interpreter is concerned).

There's a lot more to classes; the main selling point is probably that you can create subclasses which inherit from their parent class but can override some behaviors (common examples often involve real-world concepts like animals or vehicles, but a class can just be anything where you want to create a type and encapsulate its behavior, and perhaps override some methods in derived types).

Table of Contents

Get Variable from Function in Python
- Using the return statement to get variable from function in Python
- Using attributes to get variable from function in Python
Conclusion

A function is a reusable piece of code that can be called at different places in a program. A function can execute some statements when called and return some value if desired. Any variable declared within the function cannot be accessed from the outside.

We will discuss how to get variable from function in Python.

Using the return statement to get variable from function in Python

The return statement in Python is used to return some value from a function in Python. Since we cannot access the variable defined within the function from the outside, we can return it using the return statement to get variable from function in Python.

For example,

def fun():

a=15

returna

n=fun()

print(n)

Output:

15

We can also return multiple variables. For this, we can use objects like lists, dictionaries, and more. We will store the variables in one such object and return it from the function.

See the code below.

def fun():

d={'a':15,'b':10}

returnd

n= fun()

print(n['a'])

Output:

15

In the above example, we return a dictionary from the function. We access the variable values using the variable’s key from the dictionary and print it.

Using attributes to get variable from function in Python

Everything is an object in Python, even functions. We can assign functions with some arbitrary values that can work as attributes. These values can be accessed from outside a function. This way, we can get variable from function in Python.

See the code below.

def fun():

fun.a=15

fun()

n=fun.a

print(n)

Output:

15

In the above example, we assign an attribute value to the function. We first call this function and then we can use this variable using the function name.

Conclusion

In this tutorial, we discussed how to get variable from function in Python. There is no direct way to access a variable declared within the function from outside. So, to get variable from function in Python, we can directly return the value. We discussed how to return single and multiple variables. Another way to get variable from function in Python is by assigning them as attributes of the function. This way, we can access the attribute values after calling the function.

How do you access a variable inside a function in Python?

Variable defined inside the method: The variables that are defined inside the methods can be accessed within that method only by simply using the variable name. Example – var_name. If you want to use that variable outside the method or class, you have to declared that variable as a global. def access_method( self ):

Can you call a variable inside a function?

Because of how javascript, and most languages, scope variables, you can't access variables declared inside a function from outside a function. The variable belongs to the function's scope only, not the global scope.

How do you get a variable value from another function in Python?

The variable can be assigned to the function object inside the function body. So the variable exists only after the function has been called. Once the function has been called, the variable will be associated with the function object.

How do you use variables in nested functions in Python?

A function defined inside another function is called a nested function. Nested functions can access variables of the enclosing scope. In Python, these non-local variables are read-only by default and we must declare them explicitly as non-local (using nonlocal keyword) in order to modify them.

programming python Python global variable Globals Python

Python get variable inside function

Global Variables

Example

Example

The global Keyword

Example

Example

Using the return statement to get variable from function in Python

Using attributes to get variable from function in Python

Conclusion

How do you access a variable inside a function in Python?

Can you call a variable inside a function?

How do you get a variable value from another function in Python?

How do you use variables in nested functions in Python?

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