What is a major difference between mitosis and meiosis in a diploid organism?
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Mitosis and meiosis are both types of cell division. Mitosis is the process by which most cells in the body divide, involves a single round of cell division, and produces two identical, diploid daughter cells. Show
Meiosis is the process by which gametes are produced. Meiosis involves two rounds of cell division and produces four non-identical haploid daughter cells. What are Mitosis and Meiosis?Mitosis and meiosis are both types of cell division. Though there are similarities between mitosis and meiosis, there are some key differences between these two processes. Mitosis is how new body cells are produced, whereas meiosis is used to produce gametes (i.e. sperm and egg cells). Mitosis vs. Meiosis
MitosisMitosis is how the cells of your body reproduce. During mitosis, a diploid parent cell (i.e. a cell with two sets of chromosomes) makes a complete copy of its DNA before splitting in two. This process produces two genetically identical daughter cells and takes place across five phases. The phases of mitosis are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Before mitosis can begin, however, the cell must replicate its DNA. This happens during interphase, which happens over stages G1, S, and G2 of the cell cycle, and is not technically part of mitosis.  The Phases of MitosisProphaseThe first phase of mitosis is prophase. During prophase, the cell’s chromosomes condense and become visible under a light microscope. The nucleolus (the part of the nucleus where ribosomes are made) disappears, and the mitotic spindle (a cell structure made of microtubules) begins to form. PrometaphaseThe nuclear membrane breaks down. The microtubules attach themselves to the chromosomes and begin to move them around. MetaphaseThe microtubules move the chromosomes until they are lined up along the middle of the cell. This line of chromosomes is called the metaphase plate. AnaphaseThe chromosomes are pulled apart by the microtubules. Each chromosome is separated into two, genetically identical sister chromatids, which are pulled to opposite ends of the cell. TelophaseThe sister chromatids arrive at opposite ends of the cell. A new nuclear membrane begins to form around each set of chromosomes. The chromosomes decondense, so they are no longer visible under a light microscope. The nucleolus reappears, and the mitotic spindle disappears. Finally, the cytoplasm of the cell splits, and two new, genetically identical daughter cells are formed. This process is called cytokinesis and usually takes place during telophase. MeiosisAlmost all of your body’s cells divide by mitosis. Meiosis is used to produce only one type of cell, and those are the gametes. During meiosis, a diploid cell divides to produce four, non-identical haploid daughter cells, each containing a single set of chromosomes. In humans, these are sperm and egg cells. Unlike mitosis, meiosis involves two rounds of cell division. These happen across two stages: Meiosis I, and Meiosis II. Each stage of meiosis can be further divided into five phases: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. The Stages of MeiosisMeiosis ILike mitosis, meiosis I takes place across five stages. Before this first round of cell division begins, the cell’s DNA is replicated during the interphase of the cell cycle. Prophase IDuring prophase I, the chromosomes condense and form homologous pairs. Each homologous pair of chromosomes lines up carefully so their genes are aligned. Next, the chromosomes swap genetic material with one another, in a process known as crossing over. This ensures that each sister chromatid is no longer genetically identical. Prometaphase IDuring prometaphase I, the nuclear envelope breaks down and microtubules attach themselves to the chromosomes. Metaphase IThe homologous chromosome pairs line up along the metaphase plate in the middle of the cell. Anaphase IThe homologous pairs are separated by the microtubules and are pulled to opposite ends of the cell. The homologous pairs line up and are separated at random in a process known as independent segregation. This is done to further increase genetic diversity among daughter cells. Telophase IThe chromosomes arrive at opposite ends of the cell, and the cytoplasm is split by cytokinesis. The first round of cell division is complete. The two non-identical, haploid daughter cells now enter the second stage of meiosis. Meiosis IIMeiosis II is very similar to the process of mitosis, except it involves two haploid cells rather than one diploid cell. Prophase IIDuring prophase II, the chromosomes condense. Prometaphase IIThe nuclear envelopes are broken down and microtubules attach themselves to the chromosomes. Metaphase IIThe chromosomes line up along the metaphase plates. Anaphase IIThe chromosomes are pulled apart by microtubules. The non-identical sister chromatids are pulled to opposite ends of the cells. Telophase IIThe sister chromatids reach opposite ends of the cells. The cells are divided by cytokinesis, and four non-identical, haploid daughter cells are produced. Mitosis vs. Meiosis: Differences and SimilaritiesMitosis and meiosis are similar processes, but there are key differences between the two. Products of Mitosis vs. MeiosisMitosis produces two genetically identical diploid cells, whereas meiosis produces four non-identical haploid cells. Cell Types Involved in Mitosis vs. MeiosisMitosis involves the replication of somatic cells (i.e. any cells of the body that aren’t gametes), whereas meiosis is the process by which sperm and egg cells are produced. Cell Division in Mitosis vs. MeiosisMitosis involves one round of cell division, whereas meiosis involves two. Genetic Diversity in Mitosis vs. MeiosisMitosis produces genetically identical daughter cells, each containing a complete copy of the parent cell’s DNA. Meiosis produces four genetically non-identical daughter cells, which increases genetic variation among gametes (and, therefore, genetic diversity in the population). Cite This ArticleMLAAPAChicago Biologydictionary.net Editors. "Mitosis vs. Meiosis." Biology Dictionary, Biologydictionary.net, 17 Jan. 2021, https://biologydictionary.net/mitosis-vs-meiosis/. Biologydictionary.net Editors. (2021, January 17). Mitosis vs. Meiosis. Retrieved from https://biologydictionary.net/mitosis-vs-meiosis/ Biologydictionary.net Editors. "Mitosis vs. Meiosis." Biology Dictionary. Biologydictionary.net, January 17, 2021. https://biologydictionary.net/mitosis-vs-meiosis/. Subscribe to Our NewsletterWhat is the major difference between meiosis and mitosis in a diploid animal?Answer and Explanation: A major difference between meiosis II and mitosis in a diploid cell is that mitosis produces two identical diploid cells and meiosis II creates four haploid gametes.
What is a major difference between mitosis and meiosis?Cells divide and reproduce in two ways, mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells, whereas meiosis results in four sex cells.
What is the difference between diploid and mitosis?Diploid cells reproduce via mitosis creating daughter cells identical to the parent cells and each other. Haploid, on the other hand, reproduce via meiosis producing offsprings or cells different from other parent but containing a little bit of each parent and each cell different from the other.
What is a major difference between meiosis II and mitosis in a diploid animal quizlet?half the number of chromosomes and one-fourth the amount of DNA. Homologous chromosomes of a pair are separated from each other. What is a major difference between meiosis II and mitosis in a diploid animal? Meiosis II occurs in a haploid cell, while mitosis occurs in diploid cells.
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