In this tutorial, we will see how we can change the format of data in Python in cool and easy ways.
I know you are here because you are stuck up with a problem to change the format of date in Python then this is the best place where you can find the best ways to solve the problem.
Come on let’s move ahead to find the awesome tricks to solve the problem.
To change the format of time and date in Python, firstly we must import the datetime module as shown below :
import datetime
After importing the Python datetime module we must give the input of time of date in any variable
Here I considered it as date_input and the input is given in the format YYYYMMDD
i.e date_input=YYYYMMDD
date_input = '20190707' datetimeobject = datetime.strptime[date_input,'%Y%m%d']
Now we will convert the date_input into a new format. The new format of date must be saved in another variable say new_format.
The new format of date is DD-MM-YYYY
i.e new_format=DD-MM-YYYY
Here in the below piece of code strptime is a keyword which provides various functions of time and date
new_format = datetimeobject.strftime['%m-%d-%Y'] print[new_format]
OUTPUT:
07-07-2019
MM-DD-YYYY format
Now we will convert the date_input into another new format. This new format of date must be saved in another variable say new_format_1.
The new format of date is DD/MM/YYYY
i.e new_format_1=DD/MM/YYYY
new_format_1 = datetimeobject.strftime['%m/%d/%Y'] print [new_format_1]
OUTPUT:
07-07-2019
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The datetime module includes functions and classes for doing date and time parsing, formatting, and arithmetic. |
2.3 and later |
datetime contains functions and classes for working with dates and times, separatley and together.
Times¶
Time values are represented with the time class. Times have attributes for hour, minute, second, and microsecond. They can also include time zone information. The arguments to initialize a time instance are optional, but the default of 0 is unlikely to be what you want.
import datetime t = datetime.time[1, 2, 3] print t print 'hour :', t.hour print 'minute:', t.minute print 'second:', t.second print 'microsecond:', t.microsecond print 'tzinfo:', t.tzinfo
$ python datetime_time.py 01:02:03 hour : 1 minute: 2 second: 3 microsecond: 0 tzinfo: None
A time instance only holds values of time, and not a date associated with the time.
import datetime print 'Earliest :', datetime.time.min print 'Latest :', datetime.time.max print 'Resolution:', datetime.time.resolution
The min and max class attributes reflect the valid range of times in a single day.
$ python datetime_time_minmax.py Earliest : 00:00:00 Latest : 23:59:59.999999 Resolution: 0:00:00.000001
The resolution for time is limited to whole microseconds.
import datetime for m in [ 1, 0, 0.1, 0.6 ]: try: print '%02.1f :' % m, datetime.time[0, 0, 0, microsecond=m] except TypeError, err: print 'ERROR:', err
In fact, using floating point numbers for the microsecond argument generates a TypeError.
$ python datetime_time_resolution.py 1.0 : 00:00:00.000001 0.0 : 00:00:00 0.1 : ERROR: integer argument expected, got float 0.6 : ERROR: integer argument expected, got float
Dates¶
Calendar date values are represented with the date class. Instances have attributes for year, month, and day. It is easy to create a date representing today’s date using the today[] class method.
import datetime today = datetime.date.today[] print today print 'ctime:', today.ctime[] print 'tuple:', today.timetuple[] print 'ordinal:', today.toordinal[] print 'Year:', today.year print 'Mon :', today.month print 'Day :', today.day
This example prints the current date in several formats:
$ python datetime_date.py 2013-02-21 ctime: Thu Feb 21 00:00:00 2013 tuple: time.struct_time[tm_year=2013, tm_mon=2, tm_mday=21, tm_hour=0, tm_min=0, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=3, tm_yday=52, tm_isdst=-1] ordinal: 734920 Year: 2013 Mon : 2 Day : 21
There are also class methods for creating instances from integers [using proleptic Gregorian ordinal values, which starts counting from Jan. 1 of the year 1] or POSIX timestamp values.
import datetime import time o = 733114 print 'o:', o print 'fromordinal[o]:', datetime.date.fromordinal[o] t = time.time[] print 't:', t print 'fromtimestamp[t]:', datetime.date.fromtimestamp[t]
This example illustrates the different value types used by fromordinal[] and fromtimestamp[].
$ python datetime_date_fromordinal.py o: 733114 fromordinal[o]: 2008-03-13 t: 1361446545.52 fromtimestamp[t]: 2013-02-21
As with time, the range of date values supported can be determined using the min and max attributes.
import datetime print 'Earliest :', datetime.date.min print 'Latest :', datetime.date.max print 'Resolution:', datetime.date.resolution
The resolution for dates is whole days.
$ python datetime_date_minmax.py Earliest : 0001-01-01 Latest : 9999-12-31 Resolution: 1 day, 0:00:00
Another way to create new date instances uses the replace[] method of an existing date. For example, you can change the year, leaving the day and month alone.
import datetime d1 = datetime.date[2008, 3, 12] print 'd1:', d1 d2 = d1.replace[year=2009] print 'd2:', d2
$ python datetime_date_replace.py d1: 2008-03-12 d2: 2009-03-12
timedeltas¶
Using replace[] is not the only way to calculate future/past dates. You can use datetime to perform basic arithmetic on date values via the timedelta class. Subtracting dates produces a timedelta, and a timedelta can be added or subtracted from a date to produce another date. The internal values for a timedelta are stored in days, seconds, and microseconds.
import datetime print "microseconds:", datetime.timedelta[microseconds=1] print "milliseconds:", datetime.timedelta[milliseconds=1] print "seconds :", datetime.timedelta[seconds=1] print "minutes :", datetime.timedelta[minutes=1] print "hours :", datetime.timedelta[hours=1] print "days :", datetime.timedelta[days=1] print "weeks :", datetime.timedelta[weeks=1]
Intermediate level values passed to the constructor are converted into days, seconds, and microseconds.
$ python datetime_timedelta.py microseconds: 0:00:00.000001 milliseconds: 0:00:00.001000 seconds : 0:00:01 minutes : 0:01:00 hours : 1:00:00 days : 1 day, 0:00:00 weeks : 7 days, 0:00:00
Date Arithmetic¶
Date math uses the standard arithmetic operators. This example with date objects illustrates using timedelta objects to compute new dates, and subtracting date instances to produce timedeltas [including a negative delta value].
import datetime today = datetime.date.today[] print 'Today :', today one_day = datetime.timedelta[days=1] print 'One day :', one_day yesterday = today - one_day print 'Yesterday:', yesterday tomorrow = today + one_day print 'Tomorrow :', tomorrow print 'tomorrow - yesterday:', tomorrow - yesterday print 'yesterday - tomorrow:', yesterday - tomorrow
$ python datetime_date_math.py Today : 2013-02-21 One day : 1 day, 0:00:00 Yesterday: 2013-02-20 Tomorrow : 2013-02-22 tomorrow - yesterday: 2 days, 0:00:00 yesterday - tomorrow: -2 days, 0:00:00
Comparing Values¶
Both date and time values can be compared using the standard operators to determine which is earlier or later.
import datetime import time print 'Times:' t1 = datetime.time[12, 55, 0] print '\tt1:', t1 t2 = datetime.time[13, 5, 0] print '\tt2:', t2 print '\tt1 < t2:', t1 d2
$ python datetime_comparing.py Times: t1: 12:55:00 t2: 13:05:00 t1 < t2: True Dates: d1: 2013-02-21 d2: 2013-02-22 d1 > d2: False
Combining Dates and Times¶
Use the datetime class to hold values consisting of both date and time components. As with date, there are several convenient class methods to make creating datetime instances from other common values.
import datetime print 'Now :', datetime.datetime.now[] print 'Today :', datetime.datetime.today[] print 'UTC Now:', datetime.datetime.utcnow[] d = datetime.datetime.now[] for attr in [ 'year', 'month', 'day', 'hour', 'minute', 'second', 'microsecond']: print attr, ':', getattr[d, attr]
As you might expect, the datetime instance has all of the attributes of both a date and a time object.
$ python datetime_datetime.py Now : 2013-02-21 06:35:45.658505 Today : 2013-02-21 06:35:45.659381 UTC Now: 2013-02-21 11:35:45.659396 year : 2013 month : 2 day : 21 hour : 6 minute : 35 second : 45 microsecond : 659677
Just as with date, datetime provides convenient class methods for creating new instances. It also includes fromordinal[] and fromtimestamp[]. In addition, combine[] can be useful if you already have a date instance and time instance and want to create a datetime.
import datetime t = datetime.time[1, 2, 3] print 't :', t d = datetime.date.today[] print 'd :', d dt = datetime.datetime.combine[d, t] print 'dt:', dt
$ python datetime_datetime_combine.py t : 01:02:03 d : 2013-02-21 dt: 2013-02-21 01:02:03
Formatting and Parsing¶
The default string representation of a datetime object uses the ISO 8601 format [YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS.mmmmmm]. Alternate formats can be generated using strftime[]. Similarly, if your input data includes timestamp values parsable with time.strptime[], then datetime.strptime[] is a convenient way to convert them to datetime instances.
import datetime format = "%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y" today = datetime.datetime.today[] print 'ISO :', today s = today.strftime[format] print 'strftime:', s d = datetime.datetime.strptime[s, format] print 'strptime:', d.strftime[format]
$ python datetime_datetime_strptime.py ISO : 2013-02-21 06:35:45.707450 strftime: Thu Feb 21 06:35:45 2013 strptime: Thu Feb 21 06:35:45 2013
Time Zones¶
Within datetime, time zones are represented by subclasses of tzinfo. Since tzinfo is an abstract base class, you need to define a subclass and provide appropriate implementations for a few methods to make it useful. Unfortunately, datetime does not include any actual implementations ready to be used, although the documentation does provide a few sample implementations. Refer to the standard library documentation page for examples using fixed offsets as well as a DST-aware class and more details about creating your own class. pytz is also a good source for time zone implementation details.