In Python 3, print[]
is now a function and uses arguments to control its output. In this lesson, you’ll learn about the sep
, end
, and flush
arguments.
By default, print[]
inserts a space between the items it is printing. You can change this by using the sep
parameter:
>>>
>>> print['There are', 6, 'members of Monty Python']
There are 6 members of Monty Python
>>> message = 'There are' + 6 + 'members of Monty Python'
Traceback [most recent call last]:
File "", line 1, in
TypeError: can only concatenate str [not "int"] to str
>>> message = 'There are' + str[6] + 'members of Monty Python'
>>> print[message]
There are6members of Monty Python
>>> print['There are', 6, 'members of Monty Python', sep='😀']
There are😀6😀members of Monty Python
>>> print['There are', 6, 'members of Monty Python', sep=' ']
There are 6 members of Monty Python
>>> print['There are', 6, 'members of Monty Python', sep=None]
There are 6 members of Monty Python
>>> print['There are', 6, 'members of Monty Python', sep='']
There are6members of Monty Python
>>> print['There are', 6, 'members of Monty Python', sep='\n']
There are
6
members of Monty Python
>>> data = [
... ['year', 'last', 'first'],
... [1943, 'Idle', 'Eric'],
... [1939, 'Cleese', 'John']
... ]
>>> for row in data:
... print[*row, sep=',']
...
year,last,first
1943,Idle,Eric
1939,Cleese,John
Unless told otherwise, print[]
adds a \n
at the end of what is being printed. This can be changed with the end
parameter. Output from print[]
goes into a buffer. When you change the end
parameter, the buffer no longer gets flushed. To ensure that you get output as soon as print[]
is called, you also need to use the flush=True
parameter:
import time
def count_items[items]:
print['Counting ', end='', flush=True]
num = 0
for item in items:
num += 1
time.sleep[1]
print['.', end='', flush=True]
print[f'\nThere were {num} items']
You can combine sep
and end
to create lists, CSV output,
bulleted lists, and more.
What does flush mean in print Python?
Pythons print method as an exclusive attribute namely, flush which allows the user to decide if he wants his output to be buffered or not. The default value of this is False meaning the output will be buffered. If you change it to true, the output will be written as a sequence of characters one after the other.
How do you flush a python terminal?
In an interactive shell/terminal, we can simply use ctrl+l to clear the screen.
What does stdout flush [] do?
stdout. flush[] forces it to “flush” the buffer, meaning that it will write everything in the buffer to the terminal, even if normally it would wait before doing so. The sys module provides functions and variables used to manipulate different parts of the Python runtime environment.
How do you flush standard output?
Flush stdout Output Stream in C.
Use the fflush Function to Flush stdout Output Stream in C..
Demonstrate fflush Behavior Using printf Function in C..