Welcome to this quick start guide for MongoDB and PHP. I know you're probably excited to get started writing code and building applications with PHP and MongoDB. We'll get there, I promise. Let's go through some necessary set-up first, however.
This guide is organized into a few sections over a few articles. This first article addresses the installation and configuration of your development environment. PHP is an integrated web development language. There are several components you typically use in conjunction with the PHP programming language. If you already have PHP installed and you simply want to get started with PHP and MongoDB, feel free to skip to the next article in this series.
Video Introduction and Overview
Let's start with an overview of what we'll cover in this series.
A brief note on PHP and Apache: Because PHP is primarily a web language—that is to say that it's built to work with a web server—we will spend some time at the beginning of this article ensuring that you have PHP and the Apache web server installed and configured properly. There are alternatives, but we're going to focus on PHP and Apache.
PHP was developed and first released in 1994 by Rasmus Lerdorf. While it has roots in the C Language, PHP syntax looked much like Perl early on. One of the major reasons for its massive popularity was its simplicity and the dynamic, interpreted nature of its implementation.
Prerequisites
You'll need the following installed on your computer to follow along with this tutorial:
MacOS Catalina or Later: You can run PHP on earlier versions but I'll be keeping to MacOS for this tutorial.
PECL: The repository for PHP Extensions.
Installation
First, let's install the command line tools as these will be used by Homebrew:
Next, we're going to use a package manager to install things. This ensures that our dependencies will be met. I prefer Homebrew
, or brew
for short. To begin using brew
, open your terminal app
and type:
This leverages curl
to pull down the latest installation scripts and binaries for brew
.
The installation prompts are fairly straightforward. Enter your password where required to assume root privileges for the install. When it's complete, simply type the following
to verify that brew
is installed correctly:
You can also verify your homebrew installation using brew doctor
. Confirm that any issues or error messages are resolved prior to moving forward. You may find warnings, and those can usually be
safely ignored.
Installing Apache
The latest macOS 11.0 Big Sur comes with Apache 2.4 pre-installed but Apple removed some critical scripts, which makes it difficult to use.
So, to be sure we're all on the same page, let's install Apache 2.4 via Homebrew and then configure it to run on the standard ports [80/443].
When I was writing this tutorial, I wasted a lot of time trying to figure out what was happening with the pre-installed version; so, I think it's best if we install from scratch using Homebrew.
Now, let's install the latest version of Apache:
Once installed, let's start up the service.
You should now be able to open a web browser and visit //localhost:8080
and see something similar to the following:
The standard Apache web server doesn't have support for PHP built in. Therefore, we need to install PHP and configure Apache to recognize and interpret PHP files.
Installing PHP
If you've installed previous versions of PHP, I highly recommend that you clean things up by removing older versions. If you have previous projects that depend on these versions, you'll need to be careful, and back up your configurations and project files.
Homebrew is a good way for MacOS users to install php.
Once this completes, you can test whether it's been installed properly by issuing the following command from your command-line prompt in the terminal.
You should see something similar to this:
Installing the PHP Extension
Now that we have php
installed, we can configure Apache to use PHP
to interpret our web content, translating our php
commands instead of displaying the source code.
PECL [PHP Extension Community Library] is a repository for PHP Extensions, providing a directory of all known extensions and hosting facilities or the downloading and development of PHP extensions.
pecl
is the binary or command-line tool [installed by default with PHP] you can use to install and manage PHP extensions. We'll do that in this next section.
Install the PHP MongoDB Extension before installing the PHP Library for MongoDB. It is worth noting, that full MongoDB driver experience is provided by installing both the low-level extension [which integrates with our C driver] and high-level library, which is written in PHP.
You can install the extension using PECL on the command line:
To install the extension, copy the following line and place it at the end of your php.ini
file.
To verify installation, you can use the following command.
You should see output similar to the following:
You are now ready to begin using PHP to manipulate and manage data in your MongoDB databases. Next, we'll focus on getting your MongoDB cluster prepared.
Start a MongoDB Cluster on Atlas
Now that you've got your local environment set up, it's time to create a MongoDB database to work with, and to load in some sample data you can explore and modify.
Get started with an M0 cluster on Atlas today. It's free forever, and it's the easiest way to try out the steps in this blog series.
It will take a couple of minutes for your cluster to be provisioned, so while you're waiting, you can move on to the next step.
Set Up Your MongoDB Instance
Hopefully, your MongoDB cluster should have finished starting up now and has probably been running for a few minutes.
The following instructions were correct at the time of writing but may change, as we're always improving the Atlas user interface:
In the Atlas web interface, you should see a green button at the bottom-left of the screen, saying "Get Started." If you click on it, it'll bring up a checklist of steps for getting your database set up. Click on each of the items in the list [including the "Load Sample Data" item—we'll use this later to test the PHP library], and it'll help you through the steps to get set up.
The fastest way to get access to data is to load the sample datasets into your cluster right in the Atlas console. If you're brand new, the new user wizard will actually walk you through the process and prompt you to load these.
If you already created your cluster and want to go back to load the sample
datasets, click the ellipsis [three dots] next to your cluster connection buttons [see below image] and then select Load Sample Dataset
.
Create a User
Following the "Get Started" steps, create a user with "Read and write access to any database." You can give it the username and password of your choice. Make a copy of them, because you'll need them in a minute. Use the "autogenerate secure password" button to ensure you have a long, random password which is also safe to paste into your connection string later.
Add Your IP Address to the Access List
When deploying an app with sensitive data, you should only whitelist the IP address of the servers which need to connect to your database. To whitelist the IP address of your development machine, select "Network Access," click the "Add IP Address" button, and then click "Add Current IP Address" and hit "Confirm."
Connect to Your Database
The last step of the "Get Started" checklist is "Connect to your Cluster." Select "Connect your application" and select "PHP" with a version of "PHPLIB 1.8."
Click the "Copy" button to copy the URL to your paste buffer. Save it to the same place you stored your username and password. Note that the URL has as a placeholder for your password. You should paste your password in here, replacing the whole placeholder, including the
characters.
Now it's time to actually write some PHP code to connect to your MongoDB database! Up until now, we've only installed the supporting system components. Before we begin to connect to our database and use PHP to manipulate data, we need to install the MongoDB PHP Library.
Composer is the recommended installation tool for the MongoDB library. Composer is a tool for dependency management in PHP. It allows you to declare the libraries your project depends on and it will manage [install/update] them for you.
To install composer
, we can use Homebrew.
Installing the MongoDB PHP Library
Once you have composer
installed, you can move forward to installing the MongoDB Library.
Installation of the library should take place in the root directory of your project. Composer is not a package manager in the same sense as Yum or Apt are. Composer installs packages in a directory inside your project. By default, it does not install anything globally.
Make sure you're in the same directory as you were when you used composer
above to install the library.
In your code editor, create a PHP file in your project directory called quickstart.php. If you're referencing the example, enter in the following code:
and
are the username and password you created in Atlas, and the cluster address is specific to the cluster you launched in Atlas.
Save and close your quickstart.php
program and run it from the command line:
If all goes well, you should see something similar to the following:
You just connected your PHP program to MongoDB and queried a single document from the sample_analytics
database in your cluster! If you don't see this data, then you may not have successfully
loaded sample data into your cluster. You may want to go back a couple of steps until running this command shows the document above.
Securing Usernames and Passwords
Storing usernames and passwords in your code is never a good idea. So, let's take one more step to secure those a bit better. It's general practice to put these types of sensitive values into an
environment file such as .env
. The trick, then, will be to get your PHP code to read those values in. Fortunately, Vance Lucas came up with a great solution called phpdotenv
. To begin using Vance's solution, let's leverage composer
.
Now that we have the library installed, let's create our .env
file which contains our sensitive values. Open your favorite editor and create a file called .env
, placing the following values in it. Be sure to replace your user name
and your password
with the actual values you
created when you added a database user in Atlas.
Next, we need to modify our
quickstart.php program to pull in the values using phpdotenv
. Let's add a call to the library and modify our quickstart program to look like the following. Notice the changes on lines 5, 6, and 9.
Next, to ensure that you're not publishing your credentials into git
or whatever source code repository you're using, be certain to add a .gitignore [or equivalent] to prevent storing this file in your repo. Here's my .gitignore
file:
My .gitignore
includes files that are leveraged as part of our libraries—these should not be stored in our project.
Should you want to leverage my project files, please feel free to visit my github repository, clone, fork, and share your feedback in the Community.
This quick start was intended to get you set up to use PHP with MongoDB. You should now be ready to move onto the next article in this series. Please feel free to contact me in the Community should you have any questions about this article, or anything related to MongoDB.