Which of the following is the most likely place for a thrombosis to form postoperatively quizlet?

Can be VTE superficial or deep
Superficial: in superficial vein
Deep: in deep vein

Clot formation is often in deeper vein. - in legs [lower and thighs]

Thrombus formation. Decreased blood flow/o2

Risk factors: smoking, immobility, birth control, stasis, thick blood, age [any] mostly- over 60 yr, genetics: hemophilia, thrombocytopenia, HF, obesity, surgery, cancer, pregnancy, fractures [lower extremities, thighs, pelvis]

Pain
Edema
Warmth
Increased size
Induration [hardening along the blood vessel]

Treatment: bed rest, elevation of leg, anticoagulants, fluids, [compression stockings for resolving clot/lil risk of embolus], warm compresses [promote vasodilation], rest at first- once resolving - encourage ambulation.

Venous thrombosis = raise leg
Arterial thrombosis= keep in dependent position.

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Terms in this set [32]

1. What is the usual source of pulmonary emboli?

A. Thrombi in leg veins
B. Thrombi in the left ventricle secondary to a previous myocardial infarction
C. Thrombi on the mitral valve or aortic valve secondary to infection of the heart valves
D. Thrombi that form in left atrium in patients with heart failure

A. Thrombi in leg veins

2. Which of the following substances increases the risk of thromboembolic disease?

A. Aspirin
B. Coumadin drugs
C. Oral contraceptives
D. Diet pills

C. Oral contraceptives

3. A 6-year-old boy on a well-balanced diet has marked edema of the legs, accumulation of fluid in the abdomen, and a low blood serum albumin and total serum protein. His urine contains large amounts of protein. What is the most likely cause of edema?

A. Increased capillary permeability allows excess fluid to leak from the capillaries.
B. Reduced serum albumin resulting from excess loss in the urine lowers plasma osmotic pressure, which allows excess fluid to leak from capillaries.
C. Low plasma proteins and albumin probably results from inadequate food intake, so the liver is unable to make sufficient albumin to maintain a normal plasma osmotic pressure.
D. Obstruction of lymphatic channels draining the lower part of the body forces fluid out of the capillaries into the tissues.

B. Reduced serum albumin resulting from excess loss in the urine lowers plasma osmotic pressure, which allows excess fluid to leak from capillaries.

4. Which of the following conditions does not predispose to edema?

A. Heart failure
B. Chronic emotional stress
C. Increased capillary permeability
D. Low plasma osmotic pressure resulting from low blood proteins

B. Chronic emotional stress

5. Several tests are helpful when attempting to establish a diagnosis of a pulmonary embolism or pulmonary infarct. Which of the following tests would NOT be helpful?

A. Urinalysis
B. Chest x-ray
C. Radioisotope lung scan
D. Examination of sputum to determine if the patient has bloody sputum

A. Urinalysis

6. Which of the following events is unlikely to occur as a result of a thrombosis within a leg vein?

A. Swelling [edema] of the leg
B. Pulmonary embolism
C. Accumulation of fluid within the lungs [pulmonary edema]
D. Pulmonary infarct

C. Accumulation of fluid within the lungs [pulmonary edema]

7. Reduced capillary osmotic pressure can be caused by which of the following?

A. Dehydration
B. Low concentration of plasma proteins
C. Increased hydrostatic pressure in the veins draining the capillaries
D. Edema

B. Low concentration of plasma proteins

8. Which of the following conditions does NOT lead to edema?

A. Obstruction of lymphatic channels
B. Inadequate protein intake [hypoproteinemia]
C. Compression or blockage of a vein or veins
D. Severe dehydration

D. Severe dehydration

9. Under what circumstances would surgery be used for treatment of pulmonary embolism?

A. Massive embolus blocking a main pulmonary artery
B. Repeated emboli despite anticoagulant therapy
C. Many small emboli in different sites
D. A and C
E. A and B
F. B and C

F. B and C

B. Repeated emboli despite anticoagulant therapy
C. Many small emboli in different sites

10. Which of the following is NOT a symptom of venous thrombosis/pulmonary embolism?

A. Shortness of breath or unexplained coughing
B. Bluish discoloration of the skin
C. Severe cramping in the legs and arms
D. Pleuritic chest pain

C. Severe cramping in the legs and arms

11. When does gangrene occur?

A. Cancer causes the overproduction of coagulation factors in the blood.
B. Capillaries become excessively permeable due to an inflammation, leading to filtration of fluid into interstitial space.
C. Lymphatic obstruction prevents fluid from draining from a leg or arm.
D. A major artery to a leg or arm becomes obstructed and undergoes necrosis due to reduced blood flow.

D. A major artery to a leg or arm becomes obstructed and undergoes necrosis due to reduced blood flow.

12. Which of the following does NOT cause embolisms?

A. Air
B. Fat
C. Amnionic fluid
D. Bacteria

D. Bacteria

13. Estrogen in oral contraceptives may lead to venous and arterial thromboses because:

A. excess estrogen in the body encourages fatty deposits in the blood vessels.
B. estrogen is a vasoconstrictor.
C. estrogen stimulates synthesis of coagulation factors.
D. estrogen promotes tissue necrosis in blood vessel walls.

C. estrogen stimulates synthesis of coagulation factors.

14. What is the definitive diagnostic method to identify a pulmonary embolism?

A. Pulmonary angiogram
B. Radioisotope lung scan
C. Chest x-ray
D. Catheterization of the lungs

A. Pulmonary angiogram

15. Why does cyanosis occur?

A. Necrosis occurs in the skin and mucous membranes due to inadequate blood flow.
B. Inadequate oxygenation of the blood causes skin and mucous membranes to become bluish in color.
C. Passage of the clot through the bloodstream restricts localized flow of red blood cells.
D. None of the above.

B. Inadequate oxygenation of the blood causes skin and mucous membranes to become bluish in color.

16. The most likely place for a thrombosis to form postoperatively is:

A. the lungs.
B. the left side of the heart.
C. the legs.
D. anywhere in the body.

C. the legs.

17. A septic embolus occurs when:

A. a thrombus is composed of a dense colony of bacteria.
B. a thrombus is composed of foreign material.
C. an opportunistic infection invades an infarcted lung.
D. bacteria from an infection in organs adjacent to the site of the original clot formation are transported by a thrombus to the lungs.

D. bacteria from an infection in organs adjacent to the site of the original clot formation are transported by a thrombus to the lungs.

True/False

18. Thrombosis can be caused both an increased coagulability of blood

True

True/False

19. Surgery for pulmonary emboli requires either complete or partial interruption of the vena cava below the level of the renal veins.

True

True/False

20. Chest x-ray is the best way to detect a pulmonary embolism.

False

True/False

21. Thrombosis of a coronary artery may cause an infarction of the heart muscle supplied by the artery.

True

True/False

22. Rapid release of thromboplastic material into the circulation activates the blood coagulation and fibrinolytic systems and leads to a disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome.

True

True/False

23. A pulmonary embolism always results in an infarction of the lung tissue.

False

True/False

24. The slow release of thromboplastic material into the circulation activates the blood coagulation and fibrinolytic systems but also causes a compensatory increase in platelets and blood proteins concerned with blood coagulation [coagulation factors], which predisposes to intravascular thromboses.

True

True/False

25. Formation of blood clots within leg veins results primarily from slowing or stasis of blood in leg veins.

True

True/False

26. A large pulmonary embolus that completely blocks both pulmonary arteries causes infarction of both lungs.

False

True/False

27. X-ray allows for the determination of the site of obstruction in pulmonary embolism.

False

True/False

28. Clots can form within the heart.

True

True/False

29. Tumor deposits in patients with cancer are not sources of thromboplastic material.

False

True/False

30. Clots within the atrium of the heart may result in an infarct in the brain.

True

True/False

31. Thrombosis in patients with cancer can follow a mechanism similar to that found in disseminated intravascular collapse.

True

True/False

32. A clot within the heart can be carried into the systemic circulation, causing infarct in the brain, kidneys, and other organs.

True

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Which of the following is the most likely place for a thrombosis to form postoperatively?

Which of the following is the most common source of pulmonary embolism quizlet?

Which means formation of a blood clot within a vessel quizlet?

What is the definitive diagnostic method to identify a pulmonary embolism?