Hướng dẫn python anytree vs treelib

Simple, lightweight and extensible Tree data structure.

Feel free to share info about your anytree project.

• Installation
• Introduction
  • Overview
  • Basics
  • Detach/Attach Protocol
  • Custom Separator
• API
  • Node Classes
  • Tree Iteration
  • Tree Rendering
  • Searching
  • Cached Searching
  • Node Resolution
  • Tree Walking
  • Utilities
• Importer
  • Dictionary Importer
  • JSON Importer
• Exporter
  • Dictionary Exporter
  • JSON Exporter
  • Dot Exporter
• Tricks
  • Read-only Tree
  • YAML Import/Export
  • Multidimensional Trees
  • Weighted Edges

Getting started¶

Usage is simple.

Construction

>>> from anytree import Node, RenderTree
>>> udo = Node["Udo"]
>>> marc = Node["Marc", parent=udo]
>>> lian = Node["Lian", parent=marc]
>>> dan = Node["Dan", parent=udo]
>>> jet = Node["Jet", parent=dan]
>>> jan = Node["Jan", parent=dan]
>>> joe = Node["Joe", parent=dan]

Node

>>> print[udo]
Node['/Udo']
>>> print[joe]
Node['/Udo/Dan/Joe']

Tree

>>> for pre, fill, node in RenderTree[udo]:
...     print["%s%s" % [pre, node.name]]
Udo
├── Marc
│   └── Lian
└── Dan
    ├── Jet
    ├── Jan
    └── Joe

For details see Node and RenderTree.

Visualization

>>> from anytree.exporter import DotExporter
>>> # graphviz needs to be installed for the next line!
>>> DotExporter[udo].to_picture["udo.png"]

The DotExporter can be started at any node and has various formatting hookups:

>>> DotExporter[dan,
...             nodeattrfunc=lambda node: "fixedsize=true, width=1, height=1, shape=diamond",
...             edgeattrfunc=lambda parent, child: "style=bold"
... ].to_picture["dan.png"]

Manipulation

A second tree:

>>> mary = Node["Mary"]
>>> urs = Node["Urs", parent=mary]
>>> chris = Node["Chris", parent=mary]
>>> marta = Node["Marta", parent=mary]
>>> print[RenderTree[mary]]
Node['/Mary']
├── Node['/Mary/Urs']
├── Node['/Mary/Chris']
└── Node['/Mary/Marta']

Append:

>>> udo.parent = mary
>>> print[RenderTree[mary]]
Node['/Mary']
├── Node['/Mary/Urs']
├── Node['/Mary/Chris']
├── Node['/Mary/Marta']
└── Node['/Mary/Udo']
    ├── Node['/Mary/Udo/Marc']
    │   └── Node['/Mary/Udo/Marc/Lian']
    └── Node['/Mary/Udo/Dan']
        ├── Node['/Mary/Udo/Dan/Jet']
        ├── Node['/Mary/Udo/Dan/Jan']
        └── Node['/Mary/Udo/Dan/Joe']

Subtree rendering:

>>> print[RenderTree[marc]]
Node['/Mary/Udo/Marc']
└── Node['/Mary/Udo/Marc/Lian']

Cut:

>>> dan.parent = None
>>> print[RenderTree[dan]]
Node['/Dan']
├── Node['/Dan/Jet']
├── Node['/Dan/Jan']
└── Node['/Dan/Joe']

Extending any python class to become a tree node

The enitre tree magic is encapsulated by NodeMixin, add it as base class and the class becomes a tree node:

>>> from anytree import NodeMixin, RenderTree
>>> class MyBaseClass[object]:  # Just an example of a base class
...     foo = 4
>>> class MyClass[MyBaseClass, NodeMixin]:  # Add Node feature
...     def __init__[self, name, length, width, parent=None, children=None]:
...         super[MyClass, self].__init__[]
...         self.name = name
...         self.length = length
...         self.width = width
...         self.parent = parent
...         if children:  # set children only if given
...             self.children = children

Just set the parent attribute to reflect the tree relation:

>>> my0 = MyClass['my0', 0, 0]
>>> my1 = MyClass['my1', 1, 0, parent=my0]
>>> my2 = MyClass['my2', 0, 2, parent=my0]

>>> for pre, fill, node in RenderTree[my0]:
...     treestr = u"%s%s" % [pre, node.name]
...     print[treestr.ljust[8], node.length, node.width]
my0      0 0
├── my1  1 0
└── my2  0 2

The children can be used likewise:

>>> my0 = MyClass['my0', 0, 0, children=[
...     MyClass['my1', 1, 0],
...     MyClass['my2', 0, 2],
... ]]

>>> for pre, fill, node in RenderTree[my0]:
...     treestr = u"%s%s" % [pre, node.name]
...     print[treestr.ljust[8], node.length, node.width]
my0      0 0
├── my1  1 0
└── my2  0 2