Headquarters is connected through the Internet to branch office a and branch office b

WiFi is the common wireless technology for a computer network. Ethernet is the protocol most often used in cabled networks.

 

 

2: What devices do they usually connect to?

 

Answer:

Usually cabled devices connect to a switch. But, computers can also be connected directly together in some cases, or may connect into a router. Sometimes special cables are needed, which is covered in the next video.

Wireless devices usually connect to a wireless Access Point (AP). Sometimes wireless computers will connect to each other without an AP. This is called an AdHoc network.

 

 

3: How many protocols are used when one computer accesses another computer?

 

Answer:

This is a bit if a trick question to get you to think. The answer is, it depends.

As we talked about, protocols are a way to format data. This means that both ends of the conversation understand what’s being said.

Some protocols are used to deliver data. They don’t care what the data is about though. Their only job is to get the data from one endpoint to another. Ethernet is an example of this type of protocol.

Other protocols work with the application. An example of this is SMTP with is a protocol that describes how emails are handled. SMTP doesn’t worry about getting information onto a cable, or across WiFi. That’s what protocols like Ethernet are for. SMTP is only worried about the mail.

So, several protocols may work together to accomplish a task. We’ll see more of this throughout the series.

 

 

4: Your company has three divisions. Each group has a network, and all the networks are joined together. Is this still a LAN? Or is it something else?

 

Answer:

If each group has their own network, each network could be called a LAN. If these networks are joined together, this could also be called a LAN.

LAN is a simple term, and it doesn’t have a strict definition. The important thing is that all the components of the network are in the local area, such as in a single building.

 

 

5: The company adds a retail division. There is a head office and six branch offices. What type of network is this?

 

Answer:

All the components of the network in the head office are in a local area, so this part would be called a LAN. Each of the branch offices would also be called a LAN.

But, all of these networks are separated, so the whole network would not be called a LAN.

If the offices were connected together, this part of the network would be called a WAN. The WAN is the parts that connect the offices together.

Normally, a service provider would be used to provide some or all of the equipment for these connections.

• A TechNote on The Next Generation
• Jim Metzler
• Distinguished Research Fellow and Co-Founder
• Webtorials Analyst Division

Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) and the Internet are by far the two most heavily used WAN services today. While IT organizations will increase their use of both this year, they will make a relatively greater increase in their use of the Internet.

The boost in Internet usage raises an important network design question: should branch-office employees access the Internet via a centralized site, or should Internet access be provided locally?

The Traditional Approach

Traditionally, branch-office Internet traffic has been carried on the enterprise's network (e.g., its MPLS network) to a central site, where it is handed off to the Internet. This approach has the advantage of letting IT organizations exert more control over their Internet traffic. It also simplifies management, in part because it centralizes the complexity of implementing and managing security policy.

However, the centralized approach also has several disadvantages. First, it boosts the amount of traffic transiting the enterprise WAN, adding to WAN costs.  This drawback will become increasingly important as the relative amount of Internet traffic increases, in turn driving up the cost to carry this traffic on the enterprise WAN. Second, centralization usually adds delay to the Internet traffic. The combined impact of these two issues is significant because, as highlighted in the Webtorials 2011 Cloud Networking Report, cost and delay are two of IT's primary concerns relative to Internet use.

The same report revealed the results of a survey in which 108 respondents were asked to indicate how they currently route their Internet traffic and how that is likely to change over the next year. Their responses are shown in the table below.

The data in the table indicate that most IT organizations route the majority of their Internet traffic to a centralized site. The data also reveal a distinct intention on the part of these organizations to increase their use of local Internet access.  For example, the percentage of IT organizations that route all of their Internet traffic to a central site is expected to decrease by a quarter and the percentage of IT organizations that route none of their traffic to a central site is expected to increase by half.

Local Access Reduces Costs, But...

Accessing the Internet locally - a capability sometimes referred to as "split tunneling" - can reduce cost and potentially improves performance. However, it does have some disadvantages.

For example, one common way to provide local Internet access is to use low-cost DSL circuits. A historical problem with DSL is that such circuits are typically designed with a high level of over-subscription that leads to packet loss and added delay. Another problem is that DSL circuits tend to have lower availability than T1/E1 circuits.

These problems, however, can be overcome. For example, as recently pointed out by one of our Next-Generation TechNotes readers , many Internet providers offer a business-quality Internet access service that either reduces or eliminates the over-subscription rate. In addition, the issue of availability can be addressed by balancing the Internet traffic over multiple low-cost access circuits (e.g., some combination of DSL, cable and 3G/4G services).

As an example, assume that a branch office is connected to the Internet by both DSL and cable services. Since these two services typically are routed differently, the factors that would cause one service to fail would not impact the other. If each service had an availability of 99 percent, the combination of the two services has an availability of 99.99 percent. This should eliminate virtually all concerns about the availability of providing local Internet access using low-cost services.

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