Hướng dẫn python tempfile csv - python tempfile csv

Source code: Lib/tempfile.py

This module creates temporary files and directories. It works on all supported platforms.

class TestSpreadSheet[unittest.TestCase]:
    @contextmanager
    def make_fake_csv[self, data]:
        self.fake_namefile = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile[delete=False]
        with open[self.fake_namefile, 'w'] as fake_csv:
            fake_writer = csv.writer[fake_csv]
            fake_writer.writerows[data]
        yield self.fake_namefile.name
        os.unlink[self.fake_namefile.name]

    def setUp[self]:
        self.headers = []
        self.table = [
            ['Col1', 'Col2', 'Col3', 'Col4', 'Col5', 'Col6', 'Col7', 'Col8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8']]

    def test___init__[self]:
        with self.make_fake_csv[self.table] as temp_csv:
            spread_sheet = SpreadSheet[temp_csv]
            self.assertEqual[
                self.table, spread_sheet.table]

    ...tests for other functions...

class TestSpreadSheet[unittest.TestCase]:
    @contextmanager
    def make_fake_csv[self, data]:
        self.fake_namefile = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile[delete=False]
        with open[self.fake_namefile, 'w'] as fake_csv:
            fake_writer = csv.writer[fake_csv]
            fake_writer.writerows[data]
        yield self.fake_namefile.name
        os.unlink[self.fake_namefile.name]

    def setUp[self]:
        self.headers = []
        self.table = [
            ['Col1', 'Col2', 'Col3', 'Col4', 'Col5', 'Col6', 'Col7', 'Col8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8']]

    def test___init__[self]:
        with self.make_fake_csv[self.table] as temp_csv:
            spread_sheet = SpreadSheet[temp_csv]
            self.assertEqual[
                self.table, spread_sheet.table]

    ...tests for other functions...

class TestSpreadSheet[unittest.TestCase]:
    @contextmanager
    def make_fake_csv[self, data]:
        self.fake_namefile = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile[delete=False]
        with open[self.fake_namefile, 'w'] as fake_csv:
            fake_writer = csv.writer[fake_csv]
            fake_writer.writerows[data]
        yield self.fake_namefile.name
        os.unlink[self.fake_namefile.name]

    def setUp[self]:
        self.headers = []
        self.table = [
            ['Col1', 'Col2', 'Col3', 'Col4', 'Col5', 'Col6', 'Col7', 'Col8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8']]

    def test___init__[self]:
        with self.make_fake_csv[self.table] as temp_csv:
            spread_sheet = SpreadSheet[temp_csv]
            self.assertEqual[
                self.table, spread_sheet.table]

    ...tests for other functions...

class TestSpreadSheet[unittest.TestCase]:
    @contextmanager
    def make_fake_csv[self, data]:
        self.fake_namefile = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile[delete=False]
        with open[self.fake_namefile, 'w'] as fake_csv:
            fake_writer = csv.writer[fake_csv]
            fake_writer.writerows[data]
        yield self.fake_namefile.name
        os.unlink[self.fake_namefile.name]

    def setUp[self]:
        self.headers = []
        self.table = [
            ['Col1', 'Col2', 'Col3', 'Col4', 'Col5', 'Col6', 'Col7', 'Col8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8']]

    def test___init__[self]:
        with self.make_fake_csv[self.table] as temp_csv:
            spread_sheet = SpreadSheet[temp_csv]
            self.assertEqual[
                self.table, spread_sheet.table]

    ...tests for other functions...

class TestSpreadSheet[unittest.TestCase]:
    @contextmanager
    def make_fake_csv[self, data]:
        self.fake_namefile = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile[delete=False]
        with open[self.fake_namefile, 'w'] as fake_csv:
            fake_writer = csv.writer[fake_csv]
            fake_writer.writerows[data]
        yield self.fake_namefile.name
        os.unlink[self.fake_namefile.name]

    def setUp[self]:
        self.headers = []
        self.table = [
            ['Col1', 'Col2', 'Col3', 'Col4', 'Col5', 'Col6', 'Col7', 'Col8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8']]

    def test___init__[self]:
        with self.make_fake_csv[self.table] as temp_csv:
            spread_sheet = SpreadSheet[temp_csv]
            self.assertEqual[
                self.table, spread_sheet.table]

    ...tests for other functions...

in make_fake_csv
with open[self.fake_namefile, 'w'] as fake_csv:
TypeError: coercing to Unicode: need string or buffer, instance found

All the user-callable functions and constructors take additional arguments which allow direct control over the location and name of temporary files and directories. Files names used by this module include a string of random characters which allows those files to be securely created in shared temporary directories. To maintain backward compatibility, the argument order is somewhat odd; it is recommended to use keyword arguments for clarity.

The module defines the following user-callable items:

in make_fake_csv
with open[self.fake_namefile, 'w'] as fake_csv:
TypeError: coercing to Unicode: need string or buffer, instance found

in make_fake_csv
with open[self.fake_namefile, 'w'] as fake_csv:
TypeError: coercing to Unicode: need string or buffer, instance found

Return a file-like object that can be used as a temporary storage area. The file is created securely, using the same rules as

class TestSpreadSheet[unittest.TestCase]:
    @contextmanager
    def make_fake_csv[self, data]:
        self.fake_namefile = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile[delete=False]
        with open[self.fake_namefile, 'w'] as fake_csv:
            fake_writer = csv.writer[fake_csv]
            fake_writer.writerows[data]
        yield self.fake_namefile.name
        os.unlink[self.fake_namefile.name]

    def setUp[self]:
        self.headers = []
        self.table = [
            ['Col1', 'Col2', 'Col3', 'Col4', 'Col5', 'Col6', 'Col7', 'Col8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8']]

    def test___init__[self]:
        with self.make_fake_csv[self.table] as temp_csv:
            spread_sheet = SpreadSheet[temp_csv]
            self.assertEqual[
                self.table, spread_sheet.table]

    ...tests for other functions...

The resulting object can be used as a context manager [see Examples]. On completion of the context or destruction of the file object the temporary file will be removed from the filesystem.

The mode parameter defaults to

in make_fake_csv
with open[self.fake_namefile, 'w'] as fake_csv:
TypeError: coercing to Unicode: need string or buffer, instance found

in make_fake_csv
with open[self.fake_namefile, 'w'] as fake_csv:
TypeError: coercing to Unicode: need string or buffer, instance found

The dir, prefix and suffix parameters have the same meaning and defaults as with

class TestSpreadSheet[unittest.TestCase]:
    @contextmanager
    def make_fake_csv[self, data]:
        self.fake_namefile = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile[delete=False]
        with open[self.fake_namefile, 'w'] as fake_csv:
            fake_writer = csv.writer[fake_csv]
            fake_writer.writerows[data]
        yield self.fake_namefile.name
        os.unlink[self.fake_namefile.name]

    def setUp[self]:
        self.headers = []
        self.table = [
            ['Col1', 'Col2', 'Col3', 'Col4', 'Col5', 'Col6', 'Col7', 'Col8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8']]

    def test___init__[self]:
        with self.make_fake_csv[self.table] as temp_csv:
            spread_sheet = SpreadSheet[temp_csv]
            self.assertEqual[
                self.table, spread_sheet.table]

    ...tests for other functions...

The returned object is a true file object on POSIX platforms. On other platforms, it is a file-like object whose

in make_fake_csv
with open[self.fake_namefile, 'w'] as fake_csv:
TypeError: coercing to Unicode: need string or buffer, instance found

The

in make_fake_csv
with open[self.fake_namefile, 'w'] as fake_csv:
TypeError: coercing to Unicode: need string or buffer, instance found

On platforms that are neither Posix nor Cygwin, TemporaryFile is an alias for NamedTemporaryFile.

Raises an auditing event

in make_fake_csv
with open[self.fake_namefile, 'w'] as fake_csv:
TypeError: coercing to Unicode: need string or buffer, instance found

>>> import tempfile

# create a temporary file and write some data to it
>>> fp = tempfile.TemporaryFile[]
>>> fp.write[b'Hello world!']
# read data from file
>>> fp.seek[0]
>>> fp.read[]
b'Hello world!'
# close the file, it will be removed
>>> fp.close[]

# create a temporary file using a context manager
>>> with tempfile.TemporaryFile[] as fp:
...     fp.write[b'Hello world!']
...     fp.seek[0]
...     fp.read[]
b'Hello world!'
>>>
# file is now closed and removed

# create a temporary directory using the context manager
>>> with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory[] as tmpdirname:
...     print['created temporary directory', tmpdirname]
>>>
# directory and contents have been removed

Changed in version 3.5: The

in make_fake_csv
with open[self.fake_namefile, 'w'] as fake_csv:
TypeError: coercing to Unicode: need string or buffer, instance found

Changed in version 3.8: Added errors parameter.

in make_fake_csv
with open[self.fake_namefile, 'w'] as fake_csv:
TypeError: coercing to Unicode: need string or buffer, instance found

>>> import tempfile

# create a temporary file and write some data to it
>>> fp = tempfile.TemporaryFile[]
>>> fp.write[b'Hello world!']
# read data from file
>>> fp.seek[0]
>>> fp.read[]
b'Hello world!'
# close the file, it will be removed
>>> fp.close[]

# create a temporary file using a context manager
>>> with tempfile.TemporaryFile[] as fp:
...     fp.write[b'Hello world!']
...     fp.seek[0]
...     fp.read[]
b'Hello world!'
>>>
# file is now closed and removed

# create a temporary directory using the context manager
>>> with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory[] as tmpdirname:
...     print['created temporary directory', tmpdirname]
>>>
# directory and contents have been removed

This function operates exactly as

>>> import tempfile

# create a temporary file and write some data to it
>>> fp = tempfile.TemporaryFile[]
>>> fp.write[b'Hello world!']
# read data from file
>>> fp.seek[0]
>>> fp.read[]
b'Hello world!'
# close the file, it will be removed
>>> fp.close[]

# create a temporary file using a context manager
>>> with tempfile.TemporaryFile[] as fp:
...     fp.write[b'Hello world!']
...     fp.seek[0]
...     fp.read[]
b'Hello world!'
>>>
# file is now closed and removed

# create a temporary directory using the context manager
>>> with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory[] as tmpdirname:
...     print['created temporary directory', tmpdirname]
>>>
# directory and contents have been removed

>>> import tempfile

# create a temporary file and write some data to it
>>> fp = tempfile.TemporaryFile[]
>>> fp.write[b'Hello world!']
# read data from file
>>> fp.seek[0]
>>> fp.read[]
b'Hello world!'
# close the file, it will be removed
>>> fp.close[]

# create a temporary file using a context manager
>>> with tempfile.TemporaryFile[] as fp:
...     fp.write[b'Hello world!']
...     fp.seek[0]
...     fp.read[]
b'Hello world!'
>>>
# file is now closed and removed

# create a temporary directory using the context manager
>>> with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory[] as tmpdirname:
...     print['created temporary directory', tmpdirname]
>>>
# directory and contents have been removed

in make_fake_csv
with open[self.fake_namefile, 'w'] as fake_csv:
TypeError: coercing to Unicode: need string or buffer, instance found

>>> import tempfile

# create a temporary file and write some data to it
>>> fp = tempfile.TemporaryFile[]
>>> fp.write[b'Hello world!']
# read data from file
>>> fp.seek[0]
>>> fp.read[]
b'Hello world!'
# close the file, it will be removed
>>> fp.close[]

# create a temporary file using a context manager
>>> with tempfile.TemporaryFile[] as fp:
...     fp.write[b'Hello world!']
...     fp.seek[0]
...     fp.read[]
b'Hello world!'
>>>
# file is now closed and removed

# create a temporary directory using the context manager
>>> with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory[] as tmpdirname:
...     print['created temporary directory', tmpdirname]
>>>
# directory and contents have been removed

Tăng một sự kiện kiểm toán

in make_fake_csv
with open[self.fake_namefile, 'w'] as fake_csv:
TypeError: coercing to Unicode: need string or buffer, instance found

>>> import tempfile

# create a temporary file and write some data to it
>>> fp = tempfile.TemporaryFile[]
>>> fp.write[b'Hello world!']
# read data from file
>>> fp.seek[0]
>>> fp.read[]
b'Hello world!'
# close the file, it will be removed
>>> fp.close[]

# create a temporary file using a context manager
>>> with tempfile.TemporaryFile[] as fp:
...     fp.write[b'Hello world!']
...     fp.seek[0]
...     fp.read[]
b'Hello world!'
>>>
# file is now closed and removed

# create a temporary directory using the context manager
>>> with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory[] as tmpdirname:
...     print['created temporary directory', tmpdirname]
>>>
# directory and contents have been removed

in make_fake_csv
with open[self.fake_namefile, 'w'] as fake_csv:
TypeError: coercing to Unicode: need string or buffer, instance found

>>> import tempfile

# create a temporary file and write some data to it
>>> fp = tempfile.TemporaryFile[]
>>> fp.write[b'Hello world!']
# read data from file
>>> fp.seek[0]
>>> fp.read[]
b'Hello world!'
# close the file, it will be removed
>>> fp.close[]

# create a temporary file using a context manager
>>> with tempfile.TemporaryFile[] as fp:
...     fp.write[b'Hello world!']
...     fp.seek[0]
...     fp.read[]
b'Hello world!'
>>>
# file is now closed and removed

# create a temporary directory using the context manager
>>> with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory[] as tmpdirname:
...     print['created temporary directory', tmpdirname]
>>>
# directory and contents have been removed

Đã thay đổi trong phiên bản 3.8: Đã thêm tham số lỗi.Added errors parameter.

Lớp này hoạt động chính xác như

>>> import tempfile

# create a temporary file and write some data to it
>>> fp = tempfile.TemporaryFile[]
>>> fp.write[b'Hello world!']
# read data from file
>>> fp.seek[0]
>>> fp.read[]
b'Hello world!'
# close the file, it will be removed
>>> fp.close[]

# create a temporary file using a context manager
>>> with tempfile.TemporaryFile[] as fp:
...     fp.write[b'Hello world!']
...     fp.seek[0]
...     fp.read[]
b'Hello world!'
>>>
# file is now closed and removed

# create a temporary directory using the context manager
>>> with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory[] as tmpdirname:
...     print['created temporary directory', tmpdirname]
>>>
# directory and contents have been removed

>>> import tempfile

# create a temporary file and write some data to it
>>> fp = tempfile.TemporaryFile[]
>>> fp.write[b'Hello world!']
# read data from file
>>> fp.seek[0]
>>> fp.read[]
b'Hello world!'
# close the file, it will be removed
>>> fp.close[]

# create a temporary file using a context manager
>>> with tempfile.TemporaryFile[] as fp:
...     fp.write[b'Hello world!']
...     fp.seek[0]
...     fp.read[]
b'Hello world!'
>>>
# file is now closed and removed

# create a temporary directory using the context manager
>>> with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory[] as tmpdirname:
...     print['created temporary directory', tmpdirname]
>>>
# directory and contents have been removed

Tệp kết quả có một phương thức bổ sung,

>>> f = NamedTemporaryFile[delete=False]
>>> f.name
'/tmp/tmptjujjt'
>>> f.write[b"Hello World!\n"]
13
>>> f.close[]
>>> os.unlink[f.name]
>>> os.path.exists[f.name]
False

Đối tượng được trả về là một đối tượng giống như tệp có thuộc tính

>>> f = NamedTemporaryFile[delete=False]
>>> f.name
'/tmp/tmptjujjt'
>>> f.write[b"Hello World!\n"]
13
>>> f.close[]
>>> os.unlink[f.name]
>>> os.path.exists[f.name]
False

>>> f = NamedTemporaryFile[delete=False]
>>> f.name
'/tmp/tmptjujjt'
>>> f.write[b"Hello World!\n"]
13
>>> f.close[]
>>> os.unlink[f.name]
>>> os.path.exists[f.name]
False

>>> f = NamedTemporaryFile[delete=False]
>>> f.name
'/tmp/tmptjujjt'
>>> f.write[b"Hello World!\n"]
13
>>> f.close[]
>>> os.unlink[f.name]
>>> os.path.exists[f.name]
False

>>> f = NamedTemporaryFile[delete=False]
>>> f.name
'/tmp/tmptjujjt'
>>> f.write[b"Hello World!\n"]
13
>>> f.close[]
>>> os.unlink[f.name]
>>> os.path.exists[f.name]
False

>>> import tempfile

# create a temporary file and write some data to it
>>> fp = tempfile.TemporaryFile[]
>>> fp.write[b'Hello world!']
# read data from file
>>> fp.seek[0]
>>> fp.read[]
b'Hello world!'
# close the file, it will be removed
>>> fp.close[]

# create a temporary file using a context manager
>>> with tempfile.TemporaryFile[] as fp:
...     fp.write[b'Hello world!']
...     fp.seek[0]
...     fp.read[]
b'Hello world!'
>>>
# file is now closed and removed

# create a temporary directory using the context manager
>>> with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory[] as tmpdirname:
...     print['created temporary directory', tmpdirname]
>>>
# directory and contents have been removed

Đã thay đổi trong phiên bản 3.3: Phương thức cắt ngắn hiện chấp nhận đối số tempfile1.the truncate method now accepts a tempfile1 argument.

Đã thay đổi trong phiên bản 3.8: Đã thêm tham số lỗi.Added errors parameter.

Lớp này hoạt động chính xác như

>>> import tempfile

# create a temporary file and write some data to it
>>> fp = tempfile.TemporaryFile[]
>>> fp.write[b'Hello world!']
# read data from file
>>> fp.seek[0]
>>> fp.read[]
b'Hello world!'
# close the file, it will be removed
>>> fp.close[]

# create a temporary file using a context manager
>>> with tempfile.TemporaryFile[] as fp:
...     fp.write[b'Hello world!']
...     fp.seek[0]
...     fp.read[]
b'Hello world!'
>>>
# file is now closed and removed

# create a temporary directory using the context manager
>>> with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory[] as tmpdirname:
...     print['created temporary directory', tmpdirname]
>>>
# directory and contents have been removed

>>> import tempfile

# create a temporary file and write some data to it
>>> fp = tempfile.TemporaryFile[]
>>> fp.write[b'Hello world!']
# read data from file
>>> fp.seek[0]
>>> fp.read[]
b'Hello world!'
# close the file, it will be removed
>>> fp.close[]

# create a temporary file using a context manager
>>> with tempfile.TemporaryFile[] as fp:
...     fp.write[b'Hello world!']
...     fp.seek[0]
...     fp.read[]
b'Hello world!'
>>>
# file is now closed and removed

# create a temporary directory using the context manager
>>> with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory[] as tmpdirname:
...     print['created temporary directory', tmpdirname]
>>>
# directory and contents have been removed

Tệp kết quả có một phương thức bổ sung,

>>> f = NamedTemporaryFile[delete=False]
>>> f.name
'/tmp/tmptjujjt'
>>> f.write[b"Hello World!\n"]
13
>>> f.close[]
>>> os.unlink[f.name]
>>> os.path.exists[f.name]
False

Đối tượng được trả về là một đối tượng giống như tệp có thuộc tính

>>> f = NamedTemporaryFile[delete=False]
>>> f.name
'/tmp/tmptjujjt'
>>> f.write[b"Hello World!\n"]
13
>>> f.close[]
>>> os.unlink[f.name]
>>> os.path.exists[f.name]
False

>>> f = NamedTemporaryFile[delete=False]
>>> f.name
'/tmp/tmptjujjt'
>>> f.write[b"Hello World!\n"]
13
>>> f.close[]
>>> os.unlink[f.name]
>>> os.path.exists[f.name]
False

>>> f = NamedTemporaryFile[delete=False]
>>> f.name
'/tmp/tmptjujjt'
>>> f.write[b"Hello World!\n"]
13
>>> f.close[]
>>> os.unlink[f.name]
>>> os.path.exists[f.name]
False

>>> f = NamedTemporaryFile[delete=False]
>>> f.name
'/tmp/tmptjujjt'
>>> f.write[b"Hello World!\n"]
13
>>> f.close[]
>>> os.unlink[f.name]
>>> os.path.exists[f.name]
False

>>> import tempfile

# create a temporary file and write some data to it
>>> fp = tempfile.TemporaryFile[]
>>> fp.write[b'Hello world!']
# read data from file
>>> fp.seek[0]
>>> fp.read[]
b'Hello world!'
# close the file, it will be removed
>>> fp.close[]

# create a temporary file using a context manager
>>> with tempfile.TemporaryFile[] as fp:
...     fp.write[b'Hello world!']
...     fp.seek[0]
...     fp.read[]
b'Hello world!'
>>>
# file is now closed and removed

# create a temporary directory using the context manager
>>> with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory[] as tmpdirname:
...     print['created temporary directory', tmpdirname]
>>>
# directory and contents have been removed

Đã thay đổi trong phiên bản 3.3: Phương thức cắt ngắn hiện chấp nhận đối số tempfile1.auditing event with open...2 with argument

>>> import tempfile

# create a temporary file and write some data to it
>>> fp = tempfile.TemporaryFile[]
>>> fp.write[b'Hello world!']
# read data from file
>>> fp.seek[0]
>>> fp.read[]
b'Hello world!'
# close the file, it will be removed
>>> fp.close[]

# create a temporary file using a context manager
>>> with tempfile.TemporaryFile[] as fp:
...     fp.write[b'Hello world!']
...     fp.seek[0]
...     fp.read[]
b'Hello world!'
>>>
# file is now closed and removed

# create a temporary directory using the context manager
>>> with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory[] as tmpdirname:
...     print['created temporary directory', tmpdirname]
>>>
# directory and contents have been removed

Lớp ________ 21 ________ 53 [hậu tố = không, tiền tố = none, dir = none, ond_cleanup_errors = false

Lớp này tạo ra một thư mục tạm thời bằng cách sử dụng các quy tắc tương tự như

in make_fake_csv
with open[self.fake_namefile, 'w'] as fake_csv:
TypeError: coercing to Unicode: need string or buffer, instance found

>>> import tempfile

# create a temporary file and write some data to it
>>> fp = tempfile.TemporaryFile[]
>>> fp.write[b'Hello world!']
# read data from file
>>> fp.seek[0]
>>> fp.read[]
b'Hello world!'
# close the file, it will be removed
>>> fp.close[]

# create a temporary file using a context manager
>>> with tempfile.TemporaryFile[] as fp:
...     fp.write[b'Hello world!']
...     fp.seek[0]
...     fp.read[]
b'Hello world!'
>>>
# file is now closed and removed

# create a temporary directory using the context manager
>>> with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory[] as tmpdirname:
...     print['created temporary directory', tmpdirname]
>>>
# directory and contents have been removed

>>> import tempfile

# create a temporary file and write some data to it
>>> fp = tempfile.TemporaryFile[]
>>> fp.write[b'Hello world!']
# read data from file
>>> fp.seek[0]
>>> fp.read[]
b'Hello world!'
# close the file, it will be removed
>>> fp.close[]

# create a temporary file using a context manager
>>> with tempfile.TemporaryFile[] as fp:
...     fp.write[b'Hello world!']
...     fp.seek[0]
...     fp.read[]
b'Hello world!'
>>>
# file is now closed and removed

# create a temporary directory using the context manager
>>> with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory[] as tmpdirname:
...     print['created temporary directory', tmpdirname]
>>>
# directory and contents have been removed

>>> import tempfile

# create a temporary file and write some data to it
>>> fp = tempfile.TemporaryFile[]
>>> fp.write[b'Hello world!']
# read data from file
>>> fp.seek[0]
>>> fp.read[]
b'Hello world!'
# close the file, it will be removed
>>> fp.close[]

# create a temporary file using a context manager
>>> with tempfile.TemporaryFile[] as fp:
...     fp.write[b'Hello world!']
...     fp.seek[0]
...     fp.read[]
b'Hello world!'
>>>
# file is now closed and removed

# create a temporary directory using the context manager
>>> with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory[] as tmpdirname:
...     print['created temporary directory', tmpdirname]
>>>
# directory and contents have been removed

Thư mục có thể được làm sạch rõ ràng bằng cách gọi phương thức tempfile9. Nếu bỏ qua_cleanup_errors là đúng, bất kỳ ngoại lệ chưa được xử lý nào trong quá trình dọn dẹp rõ ràng hoặc ẩn [chẳng hạn như with open...0 xóa các tệp mở trên Windows] sẽ bị bỏ qua và các mục có thể tháo rời còn lại bị xóa trên cơ sở hiệu ứng tốt nhất. Mặt khác, các lỗi sẽ được nêu ra trong bất kỳ việc dọn dẹp ngữ cảnh nào [cuộc gọi tempfile9, thoát khỏi trình quản lý ngữ cảnh, khi đối tượng được thu thập rác hoặc trong khi tắt máy phiên dịch].

Tăng một sự kiện kiểm toán with open...2 với đối số

>>> import tempfile

# create a temporary file and write some data to it
>>> fp = tempfile.TemporaryFile[]
>>> fp.write[b'Hello world!']
# read data from file
>>> fp.seek[0]
>>> fp.read[]
b'Hello world!'
# close the file, it will be removed
>>> fp.close[]

# create a temporary file using a context manager
>>> with tempfile.TemporaryFile[] as fp:
...     fp.write[b'Hello world!']
...     fp.seek[0]
...     fp.read[]
b'Hello world!'
>>>
# file is now closed and removed

# create a temporary directory using the context manager
>>> with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory[] as tmpdirname:
...     print['created temporary directory', tmpdirname]
>>>
# directory and contents have been removed

Mới trong phiên bản 3.2.

Đã thay đổi trong phiên bản 3.10: Đã thêm tham số bỏ qua_cleanup_errors.

________ 21 ________ 65 [hậu tố = không, tiền tố = none, dir = none, text = false] ¶

Tạo một tập tin tạm thời theo cách an toàn nhất có thể. Không có điều kiện đua trong việc tạo tệp, giả sử rằng nền tảng thực hiện đúng cờ with open...6 cho with open...7. Tệp có thể đọc được và chỉ có thể ghi bằng ID người dùng tạo. Nếu nền tảng sử dụng các bit quyền để cho biết liệu một tệp có thể thực thi được hay không, thì tệp không thể thực thi được bởi không ai. Bộ mô tả tập tin không được kế thừa bởi các quá trình con.

Không giống như

>>> import tempfile

# create a temporary file and write some data to it
>>> fp = tempfile.TemporaryFile[]
>>> fp.write[b'Hello world!']
# read data from file
>>> fp.seek[0]
>>> fp.read[]
b'Hello world!'
# close the file, it will be removed
>>> fp.close[]

# create a temporary file using a context manager
>>> with tempfile.TemporaryFile[] as fp:
...     fp.write[b'Hello world!']
...     fp.seek[0]
...     fp.read[]
b'Hello world!'
>>>
# file is now closed and removed

# create a temporary directory using the context manager
>>> with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory[] as tmpdirname:
...     print['created temporary directory', tmpdirname]
>>>
# directory and contents have been removed

class TestSpreadSheet[unittest.TestCase]:
    @contextmanager
    def make_fake_csv[self, data]:
        self.fake_namefile = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile[delete=False]
        with open[self.fake_namefile, 'w'] as fake_csv:
            fake_writer = csv.writer[fake_csv]
            fake_writer.writerows[data]
        yield self.fake_namefile.name
        os.unlink[self.fake_namefile.name]

    def setUp[self]:
        self.headers = []
        self.table = [
            ['Col1', 'Col2', 'Col3', 'Col4', 'Col5', 'Col6', 'Col7', 'Col8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8']]

    def test___init__[self]:
        with self.make_fake_csv[self.table] as temp_csv:
            spread_sheet = SpreadSheet[temp_csv]
            self.assertEqual[
                self.table, spread_sheet.table]

    ...tests for other functions...

Nếu hậu tố không phải là csv0, tên tệp sẽ kết thúc với hậu tố đó, nếu không sẽ không có hậu tố.

class TestSpreadSheet[unittest.TestCase]:
    @contextmanager
    def make_fake_csv[self, data]:
        self.fake_namefile = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile[delete=False]
        with open[self.fake_namefile, 'w'] as fake_csv:
            fake_writer = csv.writer[fake_csv]
            fake_writer.writerows[data]
        yield self.fake_namefile.name
        os.unlink[self.fake_namefile.name]

    def setUp[self]:
        self.headers = []
        self.table = [
            ['Col1', 'Col2', 'Col3', 'Col4', 'Col5', 'Col6', 'Col7', 'Col8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8']]

    def test___init__[self]:
        with self.make_fake_csv[self.table] as temp_csv:
            spread_sheet = SpreadSheet[temp_csv]
            self.assertEqual[
                self.table, spread_sheet.table]

    ...tests for other functions...

Tăng một sự kiện kiểm toán

in make_fake_csv
with open[self.fake_namefile, 'w'] as fake_csv:
TypeError: coercing to Unicode: need string or buffer, instance found

>>> import tempfile

# create a temporary file and write some data to it
>>> fp = tempfile.TemporaryFile[]
>>> fp.write[b'Hello world!']
# read data from file
>>> fp.seek[0]
>>> fp.read[]
b'Hello world!'
# close the file, it will be removed
>>> fp.close[]

# create a temporary file using a context manager
>>> with tempfile.TemporaryFile[] as fp:
...     fp.write[b'Hello world!']
...     fp.seek[0]
...     fp.read[]
b'Hello world!'
>>>
# file is now closed and removed

# create a temporary directory using the context manager
>>> with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory[] as tmpdirname:
...     print['created temporary directory', tmpdirname]
>>>
# directory and contents have been removed

in make_fake_csv
with open[self.fake_namefile, 'w'] as fake_csv:
TypeError: coercing to Unicode: need string or buffer, instance found

>>> import tempfile

# create a temporary file and write some data to it
>>> fp = tempfile.TemporaryFile[]
>>> fp.write[b'Hello world!']
# read data from file
>>> fp.seek[0]
>>> fp.read[]
b'Hello world!'
# close the file, it will be removed
>>> fp.close[]

# create a temporary file using a context manager
>>> with tempfile.TemporaryFile[] as fp:
...     fp.write[b'Hello world!']
...     fp.seek[0]
...     fp.read[]
b'Hello world!'
>>>
# file is now closed and removed

# create a temporary directory using the context manager
>>> with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory[] as tmpdirname:
...     print['created temporary directory', tmpdirname]
>>>
# directory and contents have been removed

Nếu tiền tố không phải là csv0, tên tệp sẽ bắt đầu với tiền tố đó; Nếu không, một tiền tố mặc định được sử dụng. Mặc định là giá trị trả về của csv3 hoặc csv4, nếu phù hợp.suffix, prefix, and dir may now be supplied in bytes in order to obtain a bytes return value. Prior to this, only str was allowed. suffix and prefix now accept and default to csv0 to cause an appropriate default value to be used.

Đã thay đổi trong phiên bản 3.6: Tham số Dir hiện chấp nhận một đối tượng giống như đường dẫn.The dir parameter now accepts a path-like object.

Tạo một thư mục tạm thời theo cách an toàn nhất có thể. Không có điều kiện chủng tộc trong việc tạo thư mục. Thư mục có thể đọc được, có thể ghi và chỉ có thể tìm kiếm bằng ID người dùng tạo.

Người dùng của

in make_fake_csv
with open[self.fake_namefile, 'w'] as fake_csv:
TypeError: coercing to Unicode: need string or buffer, instance found

Tiền tố, hậu tố và đối số DIR giống như đối với

class TestSpreadSheet[unittest.TestCase]:
    @contextmanager
    def make_fake_csv[self, data]:
        self.fake_namefile = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile[delete=False]
        with open[self.fake_namefile, 'w'] as fake_csv:
            fake_writer = csv.writer[fake_csv]
            fake_writer.writerows[data]
        yield self.fake_namefile.name
        os.unlink[self.fake_namefile.name]

    def setUp[self]:
        self.headers = []
        self.table = [
            ['Col1', 'Col2', 'Col3', 'Col4', 'Col5', 'Col6', 'Col7', 'Col8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8']]

    def test___init__[self]:
        with self.make_fake_csv[self.table] as temp_csv:
            spread_sheet = SpreadSheet[temp_csv]
            self.assertEqual[
                self.table, spread_sheet.table]

    ...tests for other functions...

in make_fake_csv
with open[self.fake_namefile, 'w'] as fake_csv:
TypeError: coercing to Unicode: need string or buffer, instance found

Tăng một sự kiện kiểm toán with open...2 với đối số

>>> import tempfile

# create a temporary file and write some data to it
>>> fp = tempfile.TemporaryFile[]
>>> fp.write[b'Hello world!']
# read data from file
>>> fp.seek[0]
>>> fp.read[]
b'Hello world!'
# close the file, it will be removed
>>> fp.close[]

# create a temporary file using a context manager
>>> with tempfile.TemporaryFile[] as fp:
...     fp.write[b'Hello world!']
...     fp.seek[0]
...     fp.read[]
b'Hello world!'
>>>
# file is now closed and removed

# create a temporary directory using the context manager
>>> with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory[] as tmpdirname:
...     print['created temporary directory', tmpdirname]
>>>
# directory and contents have been removed

>>> import tempfile

# create a temporary file and write some data to it
>>> fp = tempfile.TemporaryFile[]
>>> fp.write[b'Hello world!']
# read data from file
>>> fp.seek[0]
>>> fp.read[]
b'Hello world!'
# close the file, it will be removed
>>> fp.close[]

# create a temporary file using a context manager
>>> with tempfile.TemporaryFile[] as fp:
...     fp.write[b'Hello world!']
...     fp.seek[0]
...     fp.read[]
b'Hello world!'
>>>
# file is now closed and removed

# create a temporary directory using the context manager
>>> with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory[] as tmpdirname:
...     print['created temporary directory', tmpdirname]
>>>
# directory and contents have been removed

Đã thay đổi trong phiên bản 3.5: Hậu tố, tiền tố và dir hiện có thể được cung cấp theo byte để có được giá trị trả về byte. Trước đó, chỉ có STR được phép. Hậu tố và tiền tố hiện chấp nhận và mặc định là csv0 để gây ra giá trị mặc định phù hợp được sử dụng.suffix, prefix, and dir may now be supplied in bytes in order to obtain a bytes return value. Prior to this, only str was allowed. suffix and prefix now accept and default to csv0 to cause an appropriate default value to be used.

Đã thay đổi trong phiên bản 3.6: Tham số Dir hiện chấp nhận một đối tượng giống như đường dẫn.The dir parameter now accepts a path-like object.

Trả về tên của thư mục được sử dụng cho các tệp tạm thời. Điều này xác định giá trị mặc định cho đối số DIR cho tất cả các hàm trong mô -đun này.

Python tìm kiếm một danh sách tiêu chuẩn các thư mục để tìm một danh sách mà người dùng gọi có thể tạo tệp. Danh sách là:

1. Thư mục được đặt tên bởi biến môi trường csv4.csv4 environment variable.

2. Thư mục được đặt tên bởi biến môi trường csv5.csv5 environment variable.

3. Thư mục được đặt tên bởi biến môi trường csv6.csv6 environment variable.

4. Vị trí cụ thể của nền tảng:

   • Trên Windows, các thư mục csv7, csv8, csv9 và

     class TestSpreadSheet[unittest.TestCase]:
         @contextmanager
         def make_fake_csv[self, data]:
             self.fake_namefile = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile[delete=False]
             with open[self.fake_namefile, 'w'] as fake_csv:
                 fake_writer = csv.writer[fake_csv]
                 fake_writer.writerows[data]
             yield self.fake_namefile.name
             os.unlink[self.fake_namefile.name]
     
         def setUp[self]:
             self.headers = []
             self.table = [
                 ['Col1', 'Col2', 'Col3', 'Col4', 'Col5', 'Col6', 'Col7', 'Col8'],
                 ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
                 ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
                 ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8']]
     
         def test___init__[self]:
             with self.make_fake_csv[self.table] as temp_csv:
                 spread_sheet = SpreadSheet[temp_csv]
                 self.assertEqual[
                     self.table, spread_sheet.table]
     
         ...tests for other functions...
     

     00, theo thứ tự đó.

   • Trên tất cả các nền tảng khác, các thư mục

     class TestSpreadSheet[unittest.TestCase]:
         @contextmanager
         def make_fake_csv[self, data]:
             self.fake_namefile = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile[delete=False]
             with open[self.fake_namefile, 'w'] as fake_csv:
                 fake_writer = csv.writer[fake_csv]
                 fake_writer.writerows[data]
             yield self.fake_namefile.name
             os.unlink[self.fake_namefile.name]
     
         def setUp[self]:
             self.headers = []
             self.table = [
                 ['Col1', 'Col2', 'Col3', 'Col4', 'Col5', 'Col6', 'Col7', 'Col8'],
                 ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
                 ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
                 ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8']]
     
         def test___init__[self]:
             with self.make_fake_csv[self.table] as temp_csv:
                 spread_sheet = SpreadSheet[temp_csv]
                 self.assertEqual[
                     self.table, spread_sheet.table]
     
         ...tests for other functions...
     

     01,

     class TestSpreadSheet[unittest.TestCase]:
         @contextmanager
         def make_fake_csv[self, data]:
             self.fake_namefile = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile[delete=False]
             with open[self.fake_namefile, 'w'] as fake_csv:
                 fake_writer = csv.writer[fake_csv]
                 fake_writer.writerows[data]
             yield self.fake_namefile.name
             os.unlink[self.fake_namefile.name]
     
         def setUp[self]:
             self.headers = []
             self.table = [
                 ['Col1', 'Col2', 'Col3', 'Col4', 'Col5', 'Col6', 'Col7', 'Col8'],
                 ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
                 ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
                 ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8']]
     
         def test___init__[self]:
             with self.make_fake_csv[self.table] as temp_csv:
                 spread_sheet = SpreadSheet[temp_csv]
                 self.assertEqual[
                     self.table, spread_sheet.table]
     
         ...tests for other functions...
     

     02 và

     class TestSpreadSheet[unittest.TestCase]:
         @contextmanager
         def make_fake_csv[self, data]:
             self.fake_namefile = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile[delete=False]
             with open[self.fake_namefile, 'w'] as fake_csv:
                 fake_writer = csv.writer[fake_csv]
                 fake_writer.writerows[data]
             yield self.fake_namefile.name
             os.unlink[self.fake_namefile.name]
     
         def setUp[self]:
             self.headers = []
             self.table = [
                 ['Col1', 'Col2', 'Col3', 'Col4', 'Col5', 'Col6', 'Col7', 'Col8'],
                 ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
                 ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
                 ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8']]
     
         def test___init__[self]:
             with self.make_fake_csv[self.table] as temp_csv:
                 spread_sheet = SpreadSheet[temp_csv]
                 self.assertEqual[
                     self.table, spread_sheet.table]
     
         ...tests for other functions...
     

     03, theo thứ tự đó.

5. Là một phương sách cuối cùng, thư mục làm việc hiện tại.

Kết quả của tìm kiếm này được lưu trữ, xem mô tả của

class TestSpreadSheet[unittest.TestCase]:
    @contextmanager
    def make_fake_csv[self, data]:
        self.fake_namefile = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile[delete=False]
        with open[self.fake_namefile, 'w'] as fake_csv:
            fake_writer = csv.writer[fake_csv]
            fake_writer.writerows[data]
        yield self.fake_namefile.name
        os.unlink[self.fake_namefile.name]

    def setUp[self]:
        self.headers = []
        self.table = [
            ['Col1', 'Col2', 'Col3', 'Col4', 'Col5', 'Col6', 'Col7', 'Col8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8']]

    def test___init__[self]:
        with self.make_fake_csv[self.table] as temp_csv:
            spread_sheet = SpreadSheet[temp_csv]
            self.assertEqual[
                self.table, spread_sheet.table]

    ...tests for other functions...

Đã thay đổi trong phiên bản 3.10: Luôn trả về STR. Trước đây, nó sẽ trả về bất kỳ giá trị

class TestSpreadSheet[unittest.TestCase]:
    @contextmanager
    def make_fake_csv[self, data]:
        self.fake_namefile = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile[delete=False]
        with open[self.fake_namefile, 'w'] as fake_csv:
            fake_writer = csv.writer[fake_csv]
            fake_writer.writerows[data]
        yield self.fake_namefile.name
        os.unlink[self.fake_namefile.name]

    def setUp[self]:
        self.headers = []
        self.table = [
            ['Col1', 'Col2', 'Col3', 'Col4', 'Col5', 'Col6', 'Col7', 'Col8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8']]

    def test___init__[self]:
        with self.make_fake_csv[self.table] as temp_csv:
            spread_sheet = SpreadSheet[temp_csv]
            self.assertEqual[
                self.table, spread_sheet.table]

    ...tests for other functions...

class TestSpreadSheet[unittest.TestCase]:
    @contextmanager
    def make_fake_csv[self, data]:
        self.fake_namefile = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile[delete=False]
        with open[self.fake_namefile, 'w'] as fake_csv:
            fake_writer = csv.writer[fake_csv]
            fake_writer.writerows[data]
        yield self.fake_namefile.name
        os.unlink[self.fake_namefile.name]

    def setUp[self]:
        self.headers = []
        self.table = [
            ['Col1', 'Col2', 'Col3', 'Col4', 'Col5', 'Col6', 'Col7', 'Col8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8']]

    def test___init__[self]:
        with self.make_fake_csv[self.table] as temp_csv:
            spread_sheet = SpreadSheet[temp_csv]
            self.assertEqual[
                self.table, spread_sheet.table]

    ...tests for other functions...

Giống như

class TestSpreadSheet[unittest.TestCase]:
    @contextmanager
    def make_fake_csv[self, data]:
        self.fake_namefile = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile[delete=False]
        with open[self.fake_namefile, 'w'] as fake_csv:
            fake_writer = csv.writer[fake_csv]
            fake_writer.writerows[data]
        yield self.fake_namefile.name
        os.unlink[self.fake_namefile.name]

    def setUp[self]:
        self.headers = []
        self.table = [
            ['Col1', 'Col2', 'Col3', 'Col4', 'Col5', 'Col6', 'Col7', 'Col8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8']]

    def test___init__[self]:
        with self.make_fake_csv[self.table] as temp_csv:
            spread_sheet = SpreadSheet[temp_csv]
            self.assertEqual[
                self.table, spread_sheet.table]

    ...tests for other functions...

Mới trong phiên bản 3.5.

Trả về tiền tố tệp được sử dụng để tạo các tệp tạm thời. Điều này không chứa thành phần thư mục.

Giống như csv3 nhưng giá trị trả về là trong byte.

Mới trong phiên bản 3.5.

________ 21 ________ 111 ​​[]

________ 21 ________ 113 []path-like object.

Giống như csv3 nhưng giá trị trả về là trong byte.

Mô -đun sử dụng biến toàn cầu để lưu trữ tên của thư mục được sử dụng cho các tệp tạm thời được trả về bởi

class TestSpreadSheet[unittest.TestCase]:
    @contextmanager
    def make_fake_csv[self, data]:
        self.fake_namefile = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile[delete=False]
        with open[self.fake_namefile, 'w'] as fake_csv:
            fake_writer = csv.writer[fake_csv]
            fake_writer.writerows[data]
        yield self.fake_namefile.name
        os.unlink[self.fake_namefile.name]

    def setUp[self]:
        self.headers = []
        self.table = [
            ['Col1', 'Col2', 'Col3', 'Col4', 'Col5', 'Col6', 'Col7', 'Col8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8']]

    def test___init__[self]:
        with self.make_fake_csv[self.table] as temp_csv:
            spread_sheet = SpreadSheet[temp_csv]
            self.assertEqual[
                self.table, spread_sheet.table]

    ...tests for other functions...

________ 21 ________ 117¶

class TestSpreadSheet[unittest.TestCase]:
    @contextmanager
    def make_fake_csv[self, data]:
        self.fake_namefile = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile[delete=False]
        with open[self.fake_namefile, 'w'] as fake_csv:
            fake_writer = csv.writer[fake_csv]
            fake_writer.writerows[data]
        yield self.fake_namefile.name
        os.unlink[self.fake_namefile.name]

    def setUp[self]:
        self.headers = []
        self.table = [
            ['Col1', 'Col2', 'Col3', 'Col4', 'Col5', 'Col6', 'Col7', 'Col8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8']]

    def test___init__[self]:
        with self.make_fake_csv[self.table] as temp_csv:
            spread_sheet = SpreadSheet[temp_csv]
            self.assertEqual[
                self.table, spread_sheet.table]

    ...tests for other functions...

class TestSpreadSheet[unittest.TestCase]:
    @contextmanager
    def make_fake_csv[self, data]:
        self.fake_namefile = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile[delete=False]
        with open[self.fake_namefile, 'w'] as fake_csv:
            fake_writer = csv.writer[fake_csv]
            fake_writer.writerows[data]
        yield self.fake_namefile.name
        os.unlink[self.fake_namefile.name]

    def setUp[self]:
        self.headers = []
        self.table = [
            ['Col1', 'Col2', 'Col3', 'Col4', 'Col5', 'Col6', 'Col7', 'Col8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8']]

    def test___init__[self]:
        with self.make_fake_csv[self.table] as temp_csv:
            spread_sheet = SpreadSheet[temp_csv]
            self.assertEqual[
                self.table, spread_sheet.table]

    ...tests for other functions...

>>> import tempfile

# create a temporary file and write some data to it
>>> fp = tempfile.TemporaryFile[]
>>> fp.write[b'Hello world!']
# read data from file
>>> fp.seek[0]
>>> fp.read[]
b'Hello world!'
# close the file, it will be removed
>>> fp.close[]

# create a temporary file using a context manager
>>> with tempfile.TemporaryFile[] as fp:
...     fp.write[b'Hello world!']
...     fp.seek[0]
...     fp.read[]
b'Hello world!'
>>>
# file is now closed and removed

# create a temporary directory using the context manager
>>> with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory[] as tmpdirname:
...     print['created temporary directory', tmpdirname]
>>>
# directory and contents have been removed

class TestSpreadSheet[unittest.TestCase]:
    @contextmanager
    def make_fake_csv[self, data]:
        self.fake_namefile = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile[delete=False]
        with open[self.fake_namefile, 'w'] as fake_csv:
            fake_writer = csv.writer[fake_csv]
            fake_writer.writerows[data]
        yield self.fake_namefile.name
        os.unlink[self.fake_namefile.name]

    def setUp[self]:
        self.headers = []
        self.table = [
            ['Col1', 'Col2', 'Col3', 'Col4', 'Col5', 'Col6', 'Col7', 'Col8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8']]

    def test___init__[self]:
        with self.make_fake_csv[self.table] as temp_csv:
            spread_sheet = SpreadSheet[temp_csv]
            self.assertEqual[
                self.table, spread_sheet.table]

    ...tests for other functions...

class TestSpreadSheet[unittest.TestCase]:
    @contextmanager
    def make_fake_csv[self, data]:
        self.fake_namefile = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile[delete=False]
        with open[self.fake_namefile, 'w'] as fake_csv:
            fake_writer = csv.writer[fake_csv]
            fake_writer.writerows[data]
        yield self.fake_namefile.name
        os.unlink[self.fake_namefile.name]

    def setUp[self]:
        self.headers = []
        self.table = [
            ['Col1', 'Col2', 'Col3', 'Col4', 'Col5', 'Col6', 'Col7', 'Col8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8']]

    def test___init__[self]:
        with self.make_fake_csv[self.table] as temp_csv:
            spread_sheet = SpreadSheet[temp_csv]
            self.assertEqual[
                self.table, spread_sheet.table]

    ...tests for other functions...

in make_fake_csv
with open[self.fake_namefile, 'w'] as fake_csv:
TypeError: coercing to Unicode: need string or buffer, instance found

class TestSpreadSheet[unittest.TestCase]:
    @contextmanager
    def make_fake_csv[self, data]:
        self.fake_namefile = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile[delete=False]
        with open[self.fake_namefile, 'w'] as fake_csv:
            fake_writer = csv.writer[fake_csv]
            fake_writer.writerows[data]
        yield self.fake_namefile.name
        os.unlink[self.fake_namefile.name]

    def setUp[self]:
        self.headers = []
        self.table = [
            ['Col1', 'Col2', 'Col3', 'Col4', 'Col5', 'Col6', 'Col7', 'Col8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8']]

    def test___init__[self]:
        with self.make_fake_csv[self.table] as temp_csv:
            spread_sheet = SpreadSheet[temp_csv]
            self.assertEqual[
                self.table, spread_sheet.table]

    ...tests for other functions...

class TestSpreadSheet[unittest.TestCase]:
    @contextmanager
    def make_fake_csv[self, data]:
        self.fake_namefile = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile[delete=False]
        with open[self.fake_namefile, 'w'] as fake_csv:
            fake_writer = csv.writer[fake_csv]
            fake_writer.writerows[data]
        yield self.fake_namefile.name
        os.unlink[self.fake_namefile.name]

    def setUp[self]:
        self.headers = []
        self.table = [
            ['Col1', 'Col2', 'Col3', 'Col4', 'Col5', 'Col6', 'Col7', 'Col8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8']]

    def test___init__[self]:
        with self.make_fake_csv[self.table] as temp_csv:
            spread_sheet = SpreadSheet[temp_csv]
            self.assertEqual[
                self.table, spread_sheet.table]

    ...tests for other functions...

class TestSpreadSheet[unittest.TestCase]:
    @contextmanager
    def make_fake_csv[self, data]:
        self.fake_namefile = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile[delete=False]
        with open[self.fake_namefile, 'w'] as fake_csv:
            fake_writer = csv.writer[fake_csv]
            fake_writer.writerows[data]
        yield self.fake_namefile.name
        os.unlink[self.fake_namefile.name]

    def setUp[self]:
        self.headers = []
        self.table = [
            ['Col1', 'Col2', 'Col3', 'Col4', 'Col5', 'Col6', 'Col7', 'Col8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8']]

    def test___init__[self]:
        with self.make_fake_csv[self.table] as temp_csv:
            spread_sheet = SpreadSheet[temp_csv]
            self.assertEqual[
                self.table, spread_sheet.table]

    ...tests for other functions...

class TestSpreadSheet[unittest.TestCase]:
    @contextmanager
    def make_fake_csv[self, data]:
        self.fake_namefile = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile[delete=False]
        with open[self.fake_namefile, 'w'] as fake_csv:
            fake_writer = csv.writer[fake_csv]
            fake_writer.writerows[data]
        yield self.fake_namefile.name
        os.unlink[self.fake_namefile.name]

    def setUp[self]:
        self.headers = []
        self.table = [
            ['Col1', 'Col2', 'Col3', 'Col4', 'Col5', 'Col6', 'Col7', 'Col8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8']]

    def test___init__[self]:
        with self.make_fake_csv[self.table] as temp_csv:
            spread_sheet = SpreadSheet[temp_csv]
            self.assertEqual[
                self.table, spread_sheet.table]

    ...tests for other functions...

class TestSpreadSheet[unittest.TestCase]:
    @contextmanager
    def make_fake_csv[self, data]:
        self.fake_namefile = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile[delete=False]
        with open[self.fake_namefile, 'w'] as fake_csv:
            fake_writer = csv.writer[fake_csv]
            fake_writer.writerows[data]
        yield self.fake_namefile.name
        os.unlink[self.fake_namefile.name]

    def setUp[self]:
        self.headers = []
        self.table = [
            ['Col1', 'Col2', 'Col3', 'Col4', 'Col5', 'Col6', 'Col7', 'Col8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8']]

    def test___init__[self]:
        with self.make_fake_csv[self.table] as temp_csv:
            spread_sheet = SpreadSheet[temp_csv]
            self.assertEqual[
                self.table, spread_sheet.table]

    ...tests for other functions...

class TestSpreadSheet[unittest.TestCase]:
    @contextmanager
    def make_fake_csv[self, data]:
        self.fake_namefile = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile[delete=False]
        with open[self.fake_namefile, 'w'] as fake_csv:
            fake_writer = csv.writer[fake_csv]
            fake_writer.writerows[data]
        yield self.fake_namefile.name
        os.unlink[self.fake_namefile.name]

    def setUp[self]:
        self.headers = []
        self.table = [
            ['Col1', 'Col2', 'Col3', 'Col4', 'Col5', 'Col6', 'Col7', 'Col8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8']]

    def test___init__[self]:
        with self.make_fake_csv[self.table] as temp_csv:
            spread_sheet = SpreadSheet[temp_csv]
            self.assertEqual[
                self.table, spread_sheet.table]

    ...tests for other functions...

class TestSpreadSheet[unittest.TestCase]:
    @contextmanager
    def make_fake_csv[self, data]:
        self.fake_namefile = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile[delete=False]
        with open[self.fake_namefile, 'w'] as fake_csv:
            fake_writer = csv.writer[fake_csv]
            fake_writer.writerows[data]
        yield self.fake_namefile.name
        os.unlink[self.fake_namefile.name]

    def setUp[self]:
        self.headers = []
        self.table = [
            ['Col1', 'Col2', 'Col3', 'Col4', 'Col5', 'Col6', 'Col7', 'Col8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8']]

    def test___init__[self]:
        with self.make_fake_csv[self.table] as temp_csv:
            spread_sheet = SpreadSheet[temp_csv]
            self.assertEqual[
                self.table, spread_sheet.table]

    ...tests for other functions...

class TestSpreadSheet[unittest.TestCase]:
    @contextmanager
    def make_fake_csv[self, data]:
        self.fake_namefile = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile[delete=False]
        with open[self.fake_namefile, 'w'] as fake_csv:
            fake_writer = csv.writer[fake_csv]
            fake_writer.writerows[data]
        yield self.fake_namefile.name
        os.unlink[self.fake_namefile.name]

    def setUp[self]:
        self.headers = []
        self.table = [
            ['Col1', 'Col2', 'Col3', 'Col4', 'Col5', 'Col6', 'Col7', 'Col8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8'],
            ['val1', 'val2', 'val3', 'val4', 'val5', 'val6', 'val7', 'val8']]

    def test___init__[self]:
        with self.make_fake_csv[self.table] as temp_csv:
            spread_sheet = SpreadSheet[temp_csv]
            self.assertEqual[
                self.table, spread_sheet.table]

    ...tests for other functions...

>>> f = NamedTemporaryFile[delete=False]
>>> f.name
'/tmp/tmptjujjt'
>>> f.write[b"Hello World!\n"]
13
>>> f.close[]
>>> os.unlink[f.name]
>>> os.path.exists[f.name]
False