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Terms in this set [45]
Which of the following is not an example of dramatic recent social change?
the development of nuclear weapons
Which of the following is true about social change?
significant alteration in behavior patterns and culture, occur so slowly that it is almost undetectable to those it affects and can be difficult to predict future changes.
Which theory of social change holds that society is moving in a definite direction?
Evolution
Auguste Comte saw societies as moving forward in their thinking from
mythology to the scientific method.
Émile Durkheim contended that societies progressed from ______ forms of social organization.
simple to more complex
Talcott Parsons viewed society as naturally being in a state of
Equilibrium
Which concept does Talcott Parsons use to indicate the increasing complexity of social organization?
Differentiation
Which term does Talcott Parsons use to characterize a feature of social change that social institutions become more specialized in their purposes?
Adaptive Upgrading
Recently, medical schools have practiced ______ by admitting increasing numbers of women and African Americans.
Inclusion.
Talcott Parsons contends that societies experience value ______, the development of new values that legitimate a broader range of activities.
Generalization.
The Marxist view of social change is appealing to some because it
Promotes change as a means of eliminating social inequality and permits people to seize their freedom from injustice
What is the term Thorstein Veblen coined to describe people or groups who will suffer in the event of social change?
Vested Interests.
The form of culture in which humans modify the environment to suit our wants and needs is referred to as
Technology.
Which of the following is the name for the group of Americans who most actively participate in the information society?
Omnivores
Which of the following did the USA PATRIOT Act do?
It relaxed existing legal check on surveillance by law enforcement officers.
Which of the following is not a concern that sociologists have about surveillance and censorship?
It will prevent terrorism.
Sociologists view many aspects of biotechnology as an extension of the recent trend toward the ______ of society.
Medicalization
What action, taken by Scottish scientists in 1997, reignited the debate on genetic engineering?
The cloning of a sheep.
Which of the following is true about Luddites?
They were early resisters of technology.
Which of the following is true about groups such as the Luddites?
They resist technology's ability to undercut familiar norms and values.
Which of the following is not true about Jacques Ellul's assessments of modern technological society?
He argues that we need to focus more on measuring success in quantitative terms
Which of the following is not an example of modern society's efforts to measure success quantitatively?
Pulitzer Prize
Neil Postman argues that we should
critically examine new technology before adopting it.
Which of the following is not an example of a social movement that has had a dramatic impact on the social structure of the United States?
The sociologists party
Which term refers to the conscious feeling of a negative discrepancy between legitimate expectations and present actualities?
Relative Deprivation.
Which of the following illustrates relative deprivation?
middle management workers in a corporation who are discontent because they cannot afford the luxury cars that their bosses have
What element must be present before discontent will be channeled into a social movement?
all of the above.
Which term refers to the ways in which a social movement utilizes such resources as money, political influence, access to the media, and personnel?
Resource mobilization.
False consciousness is defined as
attitudes that do not reflect the objective position of workers
In the 1960s and 1970s, women's liberation activists used ______ to convince women that they were being deprived of their rights and of socially valued resources.
consciousness-raising groups
Before the 1960s, traditional social movements focused on
Economic Issues
Organized collective activities that address values and social identities, as well as improvements in the quality of life, are called
New social movements
Which of the following is true about new social movement theory?
It offers a global perspective on social and political activism
Which one of the following is an example of a new social movement?
a local workers' protest against poor wages and substandard working conditions
Which of the following is true of new social movements?
They generally do not view government as their ally.
The June 2009 election in Iran demonstrated the power of new communication technologies by
all of the above.
The process of bringing the insights gained through sociological observation and analysis into the public sphere, thereby seeking to bring about positive social change is referred to as
public sociology.
Sociology is useful for explaining social change at the macro level, but can contribute little to explaining change at the micro level. True or False.
False.
Most social theorists now accept that as societies evolve, they become more complex and more sophisticated.
False.
Differentiation is one of the four processes of social change that Talcott Parsons viewed as inevitable. The relatively recent decision of medical schools to admit members of different social groups, such as women and African American, is a good example of differentiation in practice.
False.
In general, those in society who have access to the most power and wealth have a vested interest in preserving the status quo and opposing social change
True
A "technique-focused" system is one that prioritizes the quantitative measurement of success
True
A person who experiences a sense of relative deprivation is making a subjective, rather than objective assessment of their situation
True
On occasion, the publication of a single, influential text, such as Betty Friedan's The Feminist Mystique, is enough to produce a powerful social movement.
False
The term "new social movement" refers to a social movement that has yet to achieve widespread recognition or membership
False
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Statistically, out of 500 people, how many would belong to the upper class?
Verified answer
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Which of the following is not an example of sport? a. a baseball game between two major league teams b. a baseball game between two minor league teams c. a spontaneous race between two cyclists d. a swim meet involving amateur athletes.
Verified answer
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Predict which of the following are drives [D], which are reflexes [R], which are instincts [I], and which are creations of culture [C]. a. eye blinking in dust storm b. need for sleep c. reaction to a loud noise d. socialism e. reproduction f. racial inequality.
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What are folkways? Give three examples of folkways either of United States or elsewhere?
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