Vowels English Nguyên âm trong tiếng anh
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Lecture 2: Vowels
1.
Definition
2.
Classification
According to the height to which the tongue is
raised
According to the part of the tongue which is
raised
According to the degree of lip rounding
3.
Describing vowels
4.
Identifying vowels
5.
Diphthongs
6.
Triphthongs
1
Definition
Vowels are the sounds in the production of which none of
the articulators come very close together so the passage
of air-stream is relatively unobstructed and the air can get
out freely.
Vowels are the type of sounds that depend mainly on the
variations in the position of the tongue. They are normally
voiced.
Vowels can be classified according to three variables:
a. Tongue height.
b. Part of the tongue which is raised
c. Degree of lip rounding
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According to tongue height
According to the height to which the tongue is raised we
have:
1.
High vowels: are those in the production of which the
tongue is high in the mouth. It is raised above its rest
position.
e.g.:
2.
Low vowels: are those made with the tongue below its
rest position.
e.g.:
3.
Mid vowels: are those made with the tongue neither high
nor low in the mouth.
e.g.:
4
According to the part of the tongue raised
According to the part of the tongue which is raised we
have:
1.
Front vowels: are those in the production of which the
front of the tongue is the highest point.
e.g.
2.
Back vowels: are those in the production of which the
back of the tongue is the highest point.
e.g.
3.
Central vowels: are those made with neither the front
nor the back of the tongue. The tongue is neither high
nor low in the mouth when central vowels are produced.
e.g.
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According to degree of lip rounding
According to the degree of lip rounding we have:
1.
Rounded vowels: are those made with rounded lips.
The corners of the lips are brought towards each other
and the lips are pushed forwards.
e.g.
2.
Unrounded vowels: are those made with the lips
spread. The corners of the lips are moved away from
each other as for a smile.
e.g.
3.
Neutral vowels: are those made with the lips neither
rounded nor spread.
e.g.
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Long vowels and short vowels
Long vowels: /, , , , /
Short vowels: /, , , , , , /
Long vowels tend to be longer than short vowels in
similar contexts. The symbols consist of one single
vowel plus a length mark made of two dots. They
are different from short vowels not only in length but
also in quality, resulting from differences in tongue
shapes and lip positions.
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Diphthongs
1.
Definition: A diphthong is a glide from one vowel to
another, and the whole glide acts like one of the long
simple vowels.
In terms of length, diphthongs are like long vowels.
The most important thing to remember about all the
diphthongs is that the first part is much longer and
stronger than the second part. As a result, the second
part is shorter and quieter.
e.g. //
//
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Classification
Diphthongs
Centring
Closing
[ending in //]
[ending in //]
[ending in //]
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Examples
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
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Triphthongs
A triphthong is a glide from one vowel to another and
then to a third, all produced rapidly without interruption.
There are five triphthongs in English. They are
composed of the five closing diphthongs with // added
at the end.
//
//
//
//
//
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Describing and identifying vowels
1. Describing: long/short, high/low, front/back,
rounded/unrounded.
e.g. /e/: short mid front unrounded vowel
2. Identifying
e.g. long mid central unrounded vowel: //
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