What are the obstacles in incorporating technology to pedagogical practice

Students today are apt at using technology, and tools such as laptops, smartphones, and tablets are already second nature to them. Taking technology out of the learning equation would be removing an integral part of the students’ abilities.

Likewise, even if the student isn’t already technology-savvy, that’s even more of a reason to embrace the skill. Understanding technology is becoming more and more important in the workplace and other areas; competing with peers in the 21st-century simply necessitates the need for technological finesse. But problems with technology can be a source of challenges for schools as well.

See also How Rapid Technology Change Impacts Your Teaching

1. Pace of change & cost

It’s not easy for schools to keep up with the rapidly changing technology.

While many have quietly accepted purchasing a new $800+ smartphone every two years as a part of life, schools doing anything close to the same represents a major financial investment. Further, purchasing the hardware is only the beginning of the investment. Curriculum, assessment, and instruction must all work together with the hardware to leverage its potential. (See #4.) This, of course, requires considerable planning and design thinking–and ongoing training for teachers.

2. Different social dynamics

Technology adds complexity to everything–support, teaching, learning, budgets, etc. It’s inherently ‘disruptive.’

Take for example the added social dynamics of modern technology. Privacy, footprint, and digital citizenship are all as important as the content being learned and how learning is being measured. Even entirely new approaches like eLearning don’t offer the same social benefits of a regular school. Without a classroom where students can form friendships and relationships with their peers, they may not learn the same social cues as regular students. Without any real face-to-face time with their teacher, they may take the classes less seriously.

3. Limited perceived effectiveness of technology

This is not to say that technology isn’t effective. It’s difficult to say if chalk is ‘effective’ or graphing calculators are ‘effective’ or if that computer lab is ‘effective’ because it’s not always clear how we’re measuring that effectiveness. How do we know when something works in education? If this isn’t accurate, precise, transparent, and communicated among all shareholders in a school or community, it will be difficult to know if the technology is ‘working.’ (See #5.)

4. Lack of alignment between technology, curriculum, and instruction

There are also discrepancies as to how much of a crutch technology can be to a student. Schools once debated whether or not certain types of calculators should be allowed in class, as they essentially solved the problems for students that struggled with math. The same may be true for apps that supply quick, accessible answers for problems that a student should actually be thinking about in greater depth. (Ed note: This is also an issue of instructional design than an argument against technology, but it does underscore the need for revised instructional design in light of technology.)

5. Lack of clarity about the purpose of ‘school’

The New York Times article “In Classroom of Future, Stagnant Scores,” discusses a school in the Kyrene School District that has fully implemented technology in the classroom. Since 2005, the school has invested around $33 million in technology, par a passing vote. Children use laptops and tablets for their work and integrate things like Facebook groups into regular projects. Unfortunately, the school is also suffering from low standardized test scores. (Ed note: unfortunately, it seems entirely plausible that test scores and actual learning may not be as tethered as we’d like.)

While statewide test scores have risen, Kyrene School District remains stagnant in the face of all of its innovation. Teachers worry that while the technology is engaging on a creative level, the students may be missing out on basic concepts like math and language. Other proponents of technology point out that standardized test scores may not be the best gauge of student intelligence and creativity. Still others yet reason that there’s no reason to spend millions of well-earned tax dollars on a system before knowing whether or not it is sincerely helpful for educational growth.

Technology has become increasingly important in the modern world. Almost everyone you know probably has a cell phone. School laptops and tablets are often sent home with kids so they can use them to complete their schoolwork. The rise of digital entertainment has also made technology one of the most essential things in life today. But what does all of this mean for our students?

While many schools have successfully adopted technology for daily operations, some schools have not quite reached complete reliance on technology because they face a number of barriers in taking those steps.

5 barriers to technology integration in education

1. Internet or computer access

Even though internet access is so widespread, not every student has access to the things they need in order to adopt technology-driven education successfully. Some families don’t have the financial means to afford internet and computer access for their household. This is especially true for low-income families who have multiple children.

Some schools have created programs to help low-income families adopt technology within their homes for the benefit of their children’s education. However, these programs often stipulate certain socioeconomic and demographic criteria that a family needs to meet in order to qualify, which could limit who is given assistance.

Districts who are faced with this obstacle need a plan for students who can’t afford technology to still be able to access their schoolwork. This might come in the form of a computer lab or a library of computers that can be checked out on a daily or weekly basis. Schools who struggle with this barrier can also benefit from creating a structured school day where technology takes up only a portion of instruction. This way, more time can be granted for kids to get the assistance they need, potentially allowing your school to undergo a complete technology adoption sometime in the future.

2. Budget constraints

Some school budgets simply don’t make room for technology or never anticipated a technology revolution like the one we’re seeing. Districts wanting to provide a computer to each student must be able to afford those devices in the first place, but they’re not always able to. Additionally, digital books and other materials must be purchased, and some of these (e.g., those from Pearson) require ongoing subscriptions. In small cities and towns where the majority of people come from low-income families, this isn’t easily or even realistic.

Some larger school districts have been able to pass school stimulus plans within their communities to help with this problem. However, if the community isn’t on board with the idea or the city simply doesn’t have the funds available, the process will be more difficult. Even though there are federal education grants available, the amount of money available often exceeds the amount needed for all schools to take advantage of the funding.

Regardless of the amount of funding available, administrators can find a way to make technology adoption work. One way this can be done is by taking small steps over a longer period of time. Making technology a more significant part of the school day doesn’t have to be completed overnight. What matters is taking concrete, intentional steps that make a difference over the long term when it comes to adopting technology in the classroom.

3. Scarcity of curricula

Since most schools use technology to supplement instruction instead of fully adopting it, there is not as much curriculum for this form of teaching as there is for traditional instruction. Most of the curricula out there are written with traditional teaching methods in mind, rather than technologically driven ones

For your school to successfully adopt technology, your teachers will need to provide feedback on the curricula they’re provided and what needs to be done to accommodate technology instruction. For this to work, you’ll need a group of teachers who are all invested in adopting technology in their own classrooms and for the benefit of their students.

Administrators and leadership need to remember that not all teachers will be on board or comfortable with teaching new curricula that incorporate technology, especially those who are not familiar with how to use instructional technology. It’s vital to support these instructors with meetings and training sessions so they don’t run into too many roadblocks in using the technologies you’ve provided. The more support your instructors receive in this transition, the more willing they’ll be to help your initiative thrive.

4. Wi-Fi barriers

Adopting technology in your school sounds great until you run into Wi-Fi problems. You need to be prepared to answer the following questions, among others:

• Is your school sufficiently staffed to support students or teachers who run into problems? If not, would it be within your budget to hire additional support staff?
• Do you have sufficient download and upload speeds for the amount of students using their devices concurrently?
• How secure is your school’s network, and do you have restrictions on what content students can browse?

While some telecommunications providers are able to install high-speed internet at an affordable cost for schools, not all can offer educational discounts. One of your top priorities in technology adoption should be to secure a decent download speed for students so they can stream videos and any other multimedia content you want them to engage with in the classroom. They’ll also need a good upload speed so assignment submissions don’t take several minutes to go through.

Your community must come together to help each student have access to high-quality Wi-Fi at home, too. For some cities, this means offering low-cost, high-speed Wi-Fi to families who meet certain low-income qualifications. For others, Wi-Fi hotspots at local businesses might be an option. The most important thing to remember in this situation is that accessibility is everything. Educational technology depends on good Wi-Fi in most cases, so if that can be provided, you will have overcome a significant obstacle.

5. Parental involvement

Some parents may be opposed to technology adoption for a few reasons. For example, some parents fear that technology will distract their children instead of help them to learn more effectively. This is a concern worth addressing early on. Reassure them that students won’t have free rein to do whatever they want just because they’re using their devices — limitations will be imposed.

Other parents worry that technology adoption will require more involvement from them in an already tightly packed schedule of work and household responsibilities. Remind them that students won’t be on their own. While some materials, like lectures, may be pre-recorded, teachers will still be available via video conferencing software like Zoom or GoToMeeting to help students with any problems they run into during the day.

Overcoming barriers to technology adoption

You’ll certainly run into problems with technology adoption in K-12 schools, but these aren’t impossible to overcome. You’ll want to have:

What are the challenges in incorporating technology in education?

What are the challenges encountered by the teacher in using technology in teaching?

What are the general obstacles for technology integration?

How can technology affects the pedagogical process?